LESSON 9: Vasoconstrictors and Vasodilators

Question 1

VASOCONSTRICTORS DRUGS

Answer 1

PHENYLEPHRINE
METHOXAMINE
MIDODRINE
EPHEDRINE, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE
EPINEPHRINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
COCAINE

Question 2

Pure alpha agonist

Answer 2

PHENYLEPHRINE

Question 3

Mydriatic, decongestant, elevate
BP, nasal decongestant spray

Answer 3

PHENYLEPHRINE

Question 4

Direct acting α1 receptor agonist

Answer 4

METHOXAMINE

Question 5

May cause a prolonged
increase in blood pressure and
vagally-mediated bradycardia

Answer 5

METHOXAMINE

Question 6

Treat hypotension

Answer 6

METHOXAMINE

Question 7

Prodrug of desglymidodrine, α1
receptor selective agonist

Answer 7

MIDODRINE

Question 8

Treatment of postural/orthostatic
hypotension due to impaired
autonomic nervous system
function

Answer 8

MIDODRINE

Question 9

Contains multiple ephedrine-like alkaloids; congestion raised important safety concerns; used in asthma before

Answer 9

EPHEDRINE

Question 10

One of 4 ephedrine enantiomers; component of many decongestant
mixtures

Answer 10

Pseudoephedrine

Question 11

Similar to epinephrine but are less
potent and more resistant to MAO
and COMT

Answer 11

Pseudoephedrine/Ephedrine

Question 12

Direct acting ALPHA agonist

Answer 12

XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE

Question 13

Topical decongestant

Answer 13

XYLOMETAZOLINE, OXYMETAZOLINE

Question 14

Non-selective adrenergic agonist

Answer 14

EPINEPHRINE

Question 15

Treatment of anaphylaxis; vasoconstrictor, used in nasal
packs to control epistaxis or
nosebleed

Answer 15

EPINEPHRINE

Question 16

Also called as noradrenaline

Answer 16

NOREPINEPHRINE

Question 17

Increases peripheral resistance and both diastolic and
systolic BP and mean arterial pressure

Answer 17

NOREPINEPHRINE

Question 18

Activates BETA 1-receptors
(equipotent to epinephrine) and
ALPHA-receptors (slightly less
potent than epinephrine), has little
activity to BETA 2-receptors

Answer 18

NOREPINEPHRINE

Question 19

Adrenergic agonist

Answer 19

PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE

Question 20

Common component in OTC
appetite suppressants

Answer 20

PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE

Question 21

Blocks reuptake of epinephrine

Answer 21

COCAINE

Question 22

Used during nasopharyngeal
surgery

Answer 22

COCAINE

Question 23

Long-term outpatient therapy of hypertension

Answer 23

Hydralazine; Minoxidil

Question 24

Parenteral to treat hypertensive emergencies

Answer 24

Diazoxide; Sodium nitroprusside

Question 25

Used in both circumstances (hypertensive emergencies & Long-term outpatient therapy of hypertension)

Answer 25

Calcium channel blockers

Question 26

Used Mainly in angina

Answer 26

Nitroglycerin

Question 27

Also used as vasodilator

Answer 27

Angiotensin receptor blocking agents, ACE Inhibitors

Question 28

Directly relaxes the arterioles mediated by increasing K efflux and decreasing Ca influx

Answer 28

HYDRALAZINE

Question 29

Treatment of hypertension in pregnant women

Answer 29

HYDRALAZINE

Question 30

Opens K channels of vascular smooth muscles by minoxidil sulfate (active metabolite) → decrease chance for contraction → relaxation of the arterioles

Answer 30

MINOXIDIL

Question 31

Antihypertensive, (when they discovered it can cause hirsutism,) used as topical remedy for male pattern baldness

Answer 31

MINOXIDIL

Question 32

Opens K channel (it prevents vascular smooth muscle contraction by opening K channels and stabilizing the membrane potential at a resting leve)

Answer 32

DIAZOXIDE

Question 33

DIAZOXIDE treat __________

Answer 33

Treat hypertensive emergencies

Question 34

Converted to nitric oxide by aldehyde reductase → increase cGMP → relaxation of vascular smooth muscles → vasodilation

Answer 34

NITROGLYCERIN

Question 35

Anti-angina

Answer 35

NITROGLYCERIN

Question 36

Toxicity: Accumulation of cyanide and thiocyanate

Answer 36

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

Question 37

Powerful parenteral vasodilator

Answer 37

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

Question 38

Inhibits calcium influx into arterial smooth muscles → relaxation → vasodilation

Answer 38

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

Question 39

Adverse effect: Dry cough (due to bradykinin and substance P), acute renal failure hyperkalemia, and angioedema

Answer 39

ACE INHIBITORS

Question 40

Inhibits converting enzyme peptidyl dipeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasodilator (Bradykinin)

Answer 40

ACE INHIBITORS

Question 41

Preferred treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Answer 41

ACE INHIBITORS

Question 42

Blockers of angiotensin II type 1 receptor

Answer 42

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS BLOCKING AGENTS