Labelling Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is a micro theory?
Small interactions between people
What is a social construction?
Created and defined by society, reflecting normative definition of crime
What are the factors for police to arrest?
Interactions with control agency’s
Appearance, background and persona biography of suspect
Situation and the circumstances of the offence
Who are usually labelled?
Youth
Working class
Ethnic minorities
Subcultures
Drug taker
Marginalised people
Who are usually labelling?
Police
State
Government
Religious leaders
Media
Moral entrepreneurs
What does Stan Cohen look at for labelling?
How the media labelled subcultures
What is moral panic?
An exaggerated media response to a problem that appears to threaten the moral standards of a society
What is the deviance amplification spiral?
Attempting to control deviance leads to more deviance
What does Aaron Cicourel look at for labelling?
How the police decides who is a criminal
What is stereotyping?
An over-generalised belief of expectation about a particular group of people
What are typifications?
General knowledge approach of constructing ideas about people
What did Howard Becker look at for labelling?
How individuals perception of crime, no such thing as inherently deviant act, only exists when labelled
What are moral entrepreneurs?
Individuals or pressure groups who claim that the state should crack down on a perceived social issue
What is a master status?
Social position that is the primary identifying characteristics of an individual, all judgement is based on this one characteristic or label
What is a self fulfilling prophecy?
A prediction, label which makes itself become true
What did Edwin Lemert look at for labelling?
How people didn’t see themselves as offenders
What is primary deviance?
Behaviour which goes unnoticed and has little effect on the individuals ‘self’
What is secondary deviance?
A society reaction or challenge which then caused deviance
What is social reaction?
Law and social control causes crime rather than the presence of crime causing a need for social control
What did Jack Young look at for labelling?
The middle class drug culture
What notes are there from the cannabis case study?
Originally 1950/60s middle class drug taking
Largely went unnoticed
Labelled as addicts and deviant subculture
What does labelling positively reveal?
The importance of stereotyping in understanding deviance
Official stats are a product of biased law enforcement
What can labelling lead to?
A self fulfilling prophecy and deviant careers
What does labelling positively create an insight for?
The nature of deviance as subjective
