labelling

Question 1

Becker

Answer 1

-deviance is socially constructed
-c&d is behaiviour labelled by RC
-whether its labelled as deviant/ not depends on who commited/ observed it
-powerless groups more likely to be labelled
- depends on the values of the social actors observing
-judges more likely to penalise WC bc dont want to incriminate there own MC
-fines for MC let off lighter than street crime

Question 2

cicourels negotiation of justice study a02

Answer 2

-officers arrest due to typifications(ie. broken homes/ poor parenting)
-leads to a class bias with law enforcements
-WC fit the typifications more so police more likely to patrol and arrest WC ppl more intensively
-justice isn’t fixed but is negotiable
-ie. MC youth more likely to escape punishment as they dont fit the typical delinquent and MC parents negotiate
-typifications= social construct

Question 3

Beckers view on secondary deviance (consequence of crime)

Answer 3

-believes secondary deviance leads to a master status
-the labelling amplifies the effect of c&d
-deviants then form subcultures where c&d is justified, leading to more frequent c&d

Question 4

lemert

Answer 4

-primary crimes- not labelled( small ie. speeding ticket)
-secondary crimes- labelled and can affect the identity
-lemert argues primary crime is a ‘moment of madness’ so deviants often not labelled
-if commit secondary crime gain master status lead o a deviant career( outsider status) and more c&d
-may lead to SFP
-A03- racism= primary shouldn’t be oerlooked

Question 5

jock young a02 of secondary deviance

Answer 5

-studied hippy majuriuana users
- initially drugs were prominent to their lifestyles (primary)
-increased prosecution & control by police led to hippies seeing themselves as outsiders
-bc saw themselves as outsiders, did more drugs , inc police attention and a SFP
-became more like outsiders aa they were labelled them

Question 6

stan cohen

Answer 6

deviant amp spiral
-media amplifies c&d and demonise deviants and create MPs
1- deviant act occurs
2- exaggerated media response
3-negative social reaction
4-‘crack down’ by authorities

Question 7

ao2 of deviant amp spiral

Answer 7

-mods and rockers
-hall - black muggings

Question 8

Braithwaite

Answer 8

2 types of negative shaming
1-DISINTEGRATIVE SHAMING- both the crime and the criminal seen as bad and excluded from soc, struggle to rejoin mainstream
2-REINTEGRATIVE SHAMING- crime and criminal kept separate, act can be bad w/o the person seen as bad, rehab iidv back into soc, reduce reoffending

Question 9

2 examples of mental illnesses being a deviant act due to c&d being a social construct

Answer 9

1-rosenthal- sane in insane places, struggled to shake label been given although sane on admission
2-goffman- mental illness became SFP, personal identity stripped, no personal clothes/ freedom etc