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Higher History > Labour Reforms > Flashcards

Labour Reforms Flashcards

1
Q

What was the life expectancy for men and women in 1931?

A
  • 59 for men

- 63 for women

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2
Q

What was the life expectancy for men and women in 1951?

A
  • 66 for men

- 72 for women

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3
Q

How many people were unemployed due to the Great Depression?

A

Over 2.5 million

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4
Q

Why was the Great Depression relevant to the Beveridge Report?

A
  • People believed post-war had to be better than pre-war

- Lead to people wanting change + made the Beveridge Report more popular

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5
Q

Who produced the Beveridge Report + when?

A
  • William Beveridge

- 1942

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6
Q

What battle was won and why was it significant to the Beveridge Report?

A

A battle in North Africa that gave people hope of the war ending

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7
Q

What did the benefits from the National Insurance consist of? State both couples and single adults.

A
  • 26 shillings for single adults

- 42 shillings for couples

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8
Q

Why was the National Insurance Act beneficial?

A

Gave people more financial security and peace of mind

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9
Q

How many houses did Labour intend to build per year?

A

200,000 per year

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10
Q

Did Labour hit their target + when?

A

Yes, after a couple of years of the scheme they were able to build over 200,000 per year built

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11
Q

What kind of benefits were there in the National Assurance scheme?

A
  • Sickness + unemployment benefits
  • Orphan + widow benefits
  • Death grants
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12
Q

What was the benefit of new grants in the National Assurance scheme?

A
  • These people were never helped before
  • Better of quality of life
  • Wider range of needs met
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13
Q

What were the ages for male + female pensions lowered to?

A
  • 60 for women

- 65 for men

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14
Q

Why was the lowered age for pensions beneficial? Why was this still not enough?

A
  • Allowed more people to access it before death as the new age was closer to life expectancy + end of working life
  • Still not enough money to live on
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15
Q

Who was the first person/family to squat in an army branch + when?

A
  • James Fielding’s family
  • 20 other families
  • May 1946
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16
Q

How did the local councils react?

A
  • Some received funding from local councils and National Exchequer
  • Local councils hooked army branches up to gas + electricity
17
Q

What was a drawback of the NHS?

A

Costed a lot while Britain was recovering from war debt + Great Depression

18
Q

How much was the budget for the NHS in 1914?

A

£134 million

19
Q

How much was the budget for the NHS in 1949?

A

£288 million`

20
Q

How much was the budget for the NHS in 1950?

A

£356 million

21
Q

What was one of the things the government did to help businesses after WWII?

A

Kept interest rates down

22
Q

How did the actions of the government to support businesses help?

A
  • Encouraged pre-existing businesses to expand
  • Encouraged creation of new businesses
  • Made more jobs
  • Encouraged people to invest
23
Q

What did each house built by Labour have with it?

A
  • Separate kitchen
  • Indoor bathroom
  • Gas
  • Electricity
24
Q

What were the 2 benefits of government houses being built?

A
  • Started to help with the housing problem, gave homes to people who lost them during WWII
  • Gave lower classes better homes
  • Made cities less crowded
25
Q

Why were the aims of the NHS good for the population?

A

Allowed the health of the nation as a whole to improve as everyone had access for free

26
Q

How many spectacles were given out for free during the first year of the NHS?

A

5 million pairs

27
Q

How did the NHS improve on the old National Insurance Act?

A
  • Only tuberculosis was treated in hospitals before

- Now all healthcare was free

28
Q

What was the benefit of giving out dental + optical care?

A
  • Small amenities people weren’t able to afford before

- Better quality of life

29
Q

What were 3 industries Labour nationalised?

A
  • Railways
  • Steel
  • Coal
  • Iron
  • Telecoms
  • Airways
30
Q

What percentage of industries were nationalised?

A

20%

31
Q

Why was nationalising businesses positive?

A
  • Prevented businesses from shutting down as they weren’t working for profit
  • Allowed for more jobs
32
Q

Why could Labour not be purely attributed for low employments rates?

A
  • High global demand

- The Marshall Plan (economic recovery plan from US)

33
Q

What were two facts that proved housing did not go far enough?

A
  • 750,000 people were still homeless
  • Long waiting lists for housing
  • People squatting in army barracks due to lack of housing
34
Q

How did Labour react to the squatters in army barracks?

A

Hooked them up to water + electricity

35
Q

When was the NHS created and what were its aims?

A
  • 5th July 1948
  • Free healthcare
  • Comprehensive
  • Available for everyone
36
Q

How many dental patients were there after the NHS started?

A

8.5 million

37
Q

In which period of time did the Labour Reforms occur?

A

1930s - 1950s

Higher History (16 decks)

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