LABS Flashcards
(16 cards)
Low platelets
thrombocytopenia: not enough made of being destroyed - CANCER treatment, drugs, autoimmune -> bleeding risk
high platelets
Thrombocytosis: hemolytic anemia, Iron def, Sx trauma, infection, CA meds, spleen removal
Troponin
I & T are cardiac specific proteins found in cardiac muscle - high means a MI
why is BNP TESTED
Heart failure symptoms
-it is high when the heart is not pumping the way it should (released in response to Ventricles stretching as a result of increased ventricular blood volume)
what is PTT
partial thromboplastin time - measures time it takes for a clot to form - can tell if clotting factors are working
Why: Unexplained bleeding burdening clot, liver disfunction, surgery OR IF THEYRE TAKING HEPARIN.
INTRINSIC PATHWAY
longer than normal: Bleeding disorder, liver disease, lupus, vitamin K deficiency
PT-INR
see how well warfarin is working
EXTRINSIC PATHWAY
Prothrombin time how long it takes to clot
D-DIMER
rule out clotting (thrombotic episode’s)
A protein fragment produced when a blood gold gets dissolved in the body
A positive reading means abnormally high fibrin degradation products, doesn’t tell us location or cause
USED TO RULE OUT NOT CONFRIM A DIAGNOSIS
could also be elevated by trauma, surgery, infection, heart attack, Liver disease or cancer
What does Blood Urea nitrogen test
Evalutes kidney health
urea is a waste product formed in liver when proteins are metabolized -> ammonia -> urea
when is BUN ordered
when use seems abnormal, flank pain, HTN
high BUN means
Kidney disease, damage or failure
decreased blood flow (stress, shock, MI, CHF, Burn)
kidney stones or dehydration
*INTRPRETED WITH CREATINE
what is procalcitonin
shows if you have sepsis - produced by cells in response to bacterial infection (Can also be elevated with surgery)
SIGNS OF SHCOK: Chill, fever, sweat, pain, increased RR, Increased HR, confusion, urine decreased
what is CRP
protein from the liver that increases with inflammation (non specific)
-Serious bacterial infection, after surgery or to monitor RA or lupus
HIGH MEANS: Inflammation, serious bacterial infection or a chronic inflammation flare up
What is aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Enzyme found in liver & Heart -ordered when they’re is signs of liver dysfunction or MI
What ia alanine aminotrasnferare (ALT)
enzyme mostly found in liver & kidneys
ordered because risk of liver damage, high means there is liver damage
What is albumin
Dx liver / kidney disease
evaluates nutrition
for favourable levels of drugs it needs to be stable
Transport protein
LOW MEANS: kidney /liver disease, infeciton, burn, sugar, chr. illness, cancer, diabetes
what are blood ketones
d/t ketoaccidosis, increased urination, excessive thirst, dehydration, Increased RR, SOB
In a UTI it’s bc the bacteria produces this metabolite
