Labs/Findings - Dx Flashcards by Geoff S

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

RBC casts in urine

Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Increased uric acid levels

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

“Hair on end” (“Crew-cut”) appearance on x-ray

β-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Needle-shaped, (-) birefringent crystals

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Low serum ceruloplasmin

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration; Kayser- Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/ c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti–basement membrane antibodies)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

“Brown” tumor of bone

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

Negri bodies of rabies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Eosinophilic globule in liver

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Stacks of RBCs

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Anti-IgG antibodies

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere and swan neck deformities)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

Xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

1° hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Antiplatelet antibodies

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Renal epithelial casts in urine

Intrinsic renal failure (eg, ischemia or toxic injury)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lab / Finding - Diagnosis

Optochin sensitivity

Sensitive: S pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci (S mutans, S sanguis)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

Squamous cell carcinoma

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Bamboo spine” on x-ray

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

Goodpasture syndrome

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body–laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “starry sky” made up of malignant cells)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis WBCs that look “smudged”

CLL (almost always B cell)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

1° biliary cholangitis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on ECG)

Cardiac tamponade

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Novobiocin response

Sensitive: S epidermidis; resistant: S saprophyticus

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

Glioblastoma multiforme

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Heart nodules (granulomatous)

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Azurophilic peroxidase ⊕ granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Delta wave” on ECG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Lytic (“punched-out”) bone lesions on x-ray

Multiple myeloma

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)

Coarctation of the aorta

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

Chronic end-stage renal disease

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Migratory thrombophlebitis (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Monoclonal antibody spike

Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging) Waldenström (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia Primary amyloidosis

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Thrombi made of white/red layers

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/ RBCs)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Raised periosteum (creating a “Codman triangle”)

Aggressive bone lesion (eg, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis WBC casts in urine

Acute pyelonephritis

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Atypical lymphocytes

EBV

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Onion skin” periosteal reaction

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Heterophile antibodies

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis High level of d-dimers

DVT, PE, DIC

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --\> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

Fibrocystic change of the breast

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

“Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Branching gram +

Actinomyces israelii

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Low AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Streptococcus bovis bacteremia

Colon cancer

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3- ANCA/c-ANCA); primary sclerosing cholangitis (MPO- ANCA/p-ANCA)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Nutmeg” appearance of liver

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Diffuse scleroderma

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis hCG elevated

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Hypersegmented neutrophils

Megaloblastic anemia (B 12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Psammoma bodies

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Rhomboid crystals, + birefringent

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Anti-histone antibodies

Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Bacitracin response

Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactiae (group B)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Steeple” sign on frontal CXR

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis “Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of lung cancer)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti- dsDNA)

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

# Lab / Finding - Diagnosis Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

Labs/Findings - Dx Flashcards

(106 cards)