Lameness

Question 1

most common predilection site for Osteochondritis dissecans in the horse’s hindlimb?

Answer 1

distal intermediate ridge of the tibia
>
lateral trochlear ridge

Question 2

Vertical displacement of PIII downwards (with or without rotation), Sole depth thin

coronary band depression, possible separation, serum exudate

Answer 2

sinker

Question 3

the hoof capsule diverges form the dorsal surface of PIII, and PIII itself is rotated palamarly around the DIP.

Implies significant pull of DDF and usually a sign of severe damage. Less common

Answer 3

Bony rotation

Question 4

the hoof capsule diverges form the dorsal surface of PIII, but PIII itself remains aligned with PII. Common

Answer 4

capsular rotation

Question 5

radiographic changes to chronic stage pedal bone movement?

Answer 5

crushed blood supply
abnormal horn growth
abnormal hoof shape

Question 6

laminitis cause
<10 years
>15

Answer 6

ems

PPID

Question 7

drugs to change circulation, useful in early laminitis

Answer 7

acepromazine

aspirin

Question 8

prevent carbohydrate overload laminitis so long as do before clinical signs start to show, can minimise damage even if acute clinical signs start to slow

Answer 8

cryotherapy (cool foot)

Question 9

Xray- sinker distance>14mm

prognosis?

Answer 9

poor

Question 10

run in proximo-distal direction (with the horn tubules),

occasionally transverse cracks- asc with coronary band injury.

which hoof wall condition

Answer 10

Hoof cracks

Complete cracks can lead to separation of hoof due to shearing forces.

Question 11

Avulsion/disruption to the hoof wall +/- coronary band

Lameness- Moderate/severe
Haemorrhage++

which hoof wall condition

Answer 11

coronary band and hoof wall injury

Question 12

swelling/ chronic discharge from coronary band

Infection of the collateral cartilages

Answer 12

Quittor

Question 13

onion ring cylindrical structure circular area of abnormal keratinisation with discharging tract

intermittent lameness/ discharge,

benign tumour of the hoof/ solar horn

Answer 13

keratoma

Question 14

bacterial infection fusobacterium/ bacteriodes

abnormal hyperkeratotic horn with keratolysis and fronds of unconnected intertubular horn

Answer 14

Canker

Chronic condition associated with hypertrophy of the germinal layer of the epithelium of the frog

Question 15

how is canker treated

Answer 15

metronidazole abs

astringents picric acid and benzyl peroxide

Question 16

poor quality hoof wall with
separation at the white line
+/- lameness

Separation of hoof wall esp at toes/quarters

Grey/black crumbly horn

Answer 16

white line disease

Question 17

what can be used to foten hoof and draw out foreign body materials

Answer 17

magnesium sulphate

Question 18

which local anaesthetic used in nerve blocks has

1-2min onset/45-60min duration

Answer 18

mepivicaine

Question 19

which local anaesthetic used in nerve blocks has

4-5 min onset/1-2hr duration

Answer 19

bupivicaine

Question 20

contraindications for diagnostic analgesia

Answer 20

Suspect fracture
Cellulitis
Uncooperative horse

Question 21

just proximal to collateral cartilage, abaxial to edge of DDFT

which nerve block is this

Answer 21

palmar digital nerve block

Question 22

immediately palmar to neurovascular bundle at the abaxial surface of the base of the PSB

Answer 22

abaxial sesamoid nerve block

Blocks foot as well as other structures
If go too high can block fetlock joint

Question 23

Dorsal aspect pastern

Structures desensitised

i. DIP joint
ii. +/– Collateral ligaments of DIP joint
iii. Navicular bone/bursa
iv. Toe region of sole (not heel)

Answer 23

distal interphalangeal joint

Question 24

palmar approach
between bulb of heels;
ihorizontal, midline through DDFT

Answer 24

navicular bursa

Question 25

radiographic views for the horse foot

Answer 25

DP,

LM,

DPr-PaDiO (P3 and NB), upright pedal and high coronary
can centre for navicular bone

PaPr-PaDiO ‘skyline’

Question 26

4 point and 6 point nerve blocks

Answer 26

Low 6-point in HINDLIMB:

medial and lateral plantar nerves (2)

medial and lateral plantar metatarsal nerves (2) and their dorsal branches (2)

Low 4-point in FORELIMB:

medial and lateral palmar nerves (2)

medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves (2)