LangSumm L7 Flashcards

Question

pursue(verb)

Answer 1

[used with an object] to try to do or achieve something, especially over a long period of time Carlos has been pursuing a college degree for the last three years. pursuit (noun)

Answer 2

[separable; used with or without an object] to stop trying to do something Caroline has been looking for a new apartment for two months, and she won't give up until she finds one.

Answer 3

the best and highest quality of something Where can I buy a top-of-the-line computer? The cost is not important.

Answer 4

fairly, somewhat The prices at this store are pretty cheap.

Answer 5

to try to make someone understand logic or reason I tried to talk some sense into Robert, but he still wants to quit his job.

Answer 6

[countable] a creative thinker with unique ideas who can imagine the way something should or can be in the future This company needs a visionary who can make it profitable. vision (noun)

Answer 7

to contact or talk to someone briefly Let's touch base before the meeting. I have some important information for you.

Answer 8

verb of appearance + adjective ( looks / seems / sounds / feels ) + ( good + funny + right + wrong ) The new project plans look good. His figures seem wrong. Please check them. verb of appearance + like + noun phrase: Their ad campaign sounds like a good one. verb of appearance + like + S + V: It seems like the meeting was very productive. feel + (that) + S + V: I felt that they listened to the proposal. seem + (that) + S + V: It seems that Robert wants another raise.

Answer 9

[inseparable; used with an object] to think of an idea or have an original thought We must come up with some new ideas for the project.

Answer 10

to expand a business Peter's goal is to grow the company by 20 percent in two years.

Answer 11

invested in something and unavailable for use All of my money is tied up in this house

Answer 12

S + don't/doesn't + verb of appearance + adjective The estimate doesn't seem right.

Answer 13

Do/does + S + verb of appearance + adjective Does Alana's suggestion sound good?

Answer 14

[separable; used with an object] to find a solution to a problem We discussed the problem for two hours, but we didn't work things out.

Answer 15

to be very involved in something, such as a project or a group We're expecting John to play an active role in our next project.

Answer 16

[countable] a condition in a contract or agreement Let's discuss these provisions before we sign the contract.

Answer 17

[inseparable; not used with an object] to continue working for a company Robert's contract is finished, but he's going to stay on for two more weeks.

Answer 18

to become familiar and comfortable with a new situation by changing in response to it How long does it take you to adapt to a new job?

Answer 19

presents a choice of two things. "Either you can come with us or you can stay home"

Answer 20

excludes both choices "Neither Jeff nor Anita decided to come."

Answer 21

so the word "not" should not be used with it.

Answer 22

of selling it. <<>>

Answer 23

[ speaking in present tense but using a verb in participle tense to express a possibility in the future ] In example: If my neighbor is surprised in the act again he really would be in trouble

Answer 24

[ subject + modal of possibility + be + verb in participle tense + complement ] In example: the managers might be promoted at least every three years within the company

Answer 25

to sell the company or to keep it [ expressing available options in the right way: using "to" before the verb and naming the object explicitly and using the corresponding propound the next time ]

Answer 26

[ Since (dued that) has/have + already + verb in participle tense + complement ] In example: Since I have already used the smartphone it is not possible to return it * had = has/have in the past * In example: I had to take that chance since the time was over // We had to walk by night to arrive before the soldiers

Answer 27

respond to bad news and to show that you understand how someone feels when something bad has happened.

Answer 28

I'm sorry to hear that. I know what you mean I know how you feel. I can sympathize.

Answer 29

That doesn't sound good. That sounds terrible. That's too bad. How awful.

Answer 30

[inseparable; not used with an object] to make improvements or do things in order to reach the same level as someone or something I have to read all weekend to catch up with the rest of my class. caught up (past tense) caught up (past participle)

Answer 31

Use this tense to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing now. Positive Statements S + has/have + been + V-ing Negative Statements S + has/have + not + been + V-ing Questions Has/Have + S + been + V-ing?

Answer 32

used to say that a contract or agreement doesn't include any special requirements or conditions Our business partners have agreed to loan us $100,000, no strings attached.

Answer 33

having enough money to remain in good economic condition Our business is financially sound because we don't have any debt and we have a lot of assets.

Answer 34

Use these expressions to summarize what everyone has agreed upon or to confirm that everyone is in agreement. I think we all agree (that) ... OK, we all agree on ... Here's what we agree on so far ... We all seem to be concerned about ...

Answer 35

[uncountable] the ability to change or make changes as necessary I need a study program with a lot of flexibility because I often go out of town on business.

Answer 36

[countable] an order for products or services that is renewed on a regular basis Our standing orders total $10,000 per month. Other sales total $50,000 per month.

Answer 37

used to say that someone has enough money for the rest of his or her life Jason doesn't ever have to work again. After he sold his grandfather's business, he was set for life.

Answer 38

kept within a certain number or amount The low plane fares are available for a limited time. limit (verb) limit (noun)

Answer 39

unlike anything else That company sells unique products. You can't buy them anywhere else.

Answer 40

[countable] a group of people that a company usually sells its products to Our customer base includes men and women between the ages of 25 and 45.

Answer 41

[uncountable] the ability of a company or product to be known immediately by people when they hear its name The new radio and television advertisements will definitely improve our product's name recognition.

Answer 42

[countable] a store that sells its products directly to the public Retailers are having sales and special promotions to encourage shoppers to spend more money. retail (noun) retail (verb)

Answer 43

[used with an object] to receive something, usually money or property, as a gift when someone dies It is likely that I will inherit my father's business when he dies. inheritance (noun)

Answer 44

[uncountable] the ability to attract and interest customers worldwide We plan to broaden our global reach by introducing new products in Europe and Asia.

Answer 45

[uncountable] a quality that makes something good or worth considering Both proposals have merit, but we can only accept one of them.

Answer 46

[countable] a person or organization that provides money to an individual or group in order to pay for something My sister's company might be a good source of funding for our new business if we can interest them in our products.

Answer 47

[used with an object] to increase or improve something because it is not as high or as good as you would like it to be We can boost sales if we lower prices by 20 percent. boost (noun)

Answer 48

[used with an object] to put a plan or system into action The CEO wants to implement a new licensing system by the end of the year. implementation (noun)

Answer 49

[always singular] agreement by all of the people involved After several long discussions, the group finally reached a consensus.

Answer 50

[countable] a situation in which a company makes some of its employees stop working because of financial difficulties or lack of work There were layoffs in every industry after the stock market crashed. lay off (phrasal verb)

Answer 51

[countable] a company that is owned by another company The ice-cream company is a subsidiary of a well-known food manufacturer.

Answer 52

[inseparable; used with an object] to depend on someone or something You can count on the new director to boost international sales.

Answer 53

used to talk about the effect that a current situation or decision will have after a long period of time Even though we had to close three stores, in the long run our business will be stronger.

Answer 54

to take a chance of something bad happening We run the risk of going out of business if we don't have a good source of funding.

Answer 55

central, main Honesty is one of our company's core values.

Answer 56

possible or workable Our customer base is getting smaller. Do you have any viable solutions to this problem?

Answer 57

[countable] a business or activity that earns a lot of money and is very successful John bought a restaurant that was very unpopular and turned it into a gold mine.

Answer 58

[countable or uncountable] something that you must do, often because of legal or moral reasons I have so many obligations. This week I have to help my sister move, go to my nephew's birthday party, and take my father to the doctor. obligatory (adjective)

Answer 59

[countable; always plural] money, property, or people that are useful, valuable, and available If we use all of our resources, we can expand our business and increase our global reach.

Answer 60

used to say something is exactly right, correct, or accurate Your decision to keep that store open was right on target. It was losing money, but now it's financially sound.

Answer 61

enjoyable, interesting, and easy to remember The marketing department created a catchy slogan for the advertising campaign.

Answer 62

very competitive, not caring about being fair or helping others Those salespeople are very cutthroat. They're very aggressive and they never help each other.

Answer 63

feeling hurt and offended because of what someone said or did Brittney felt insulted when David told her she wasn't smart enough to be a manager. insult (noun) insult (verb)

Answer 64

believing that good things will happen Steve is very optimistic. He believes that he can implement a new accounting system by next month. optimism (noun)

Answer 65

not wanting to change your mind or your opinion It's difficult to work with stubborn people because they aren't flexible. stubbornness (noun)

Answer 66

fair, sensible, and practical Three weeks is a reasonable amount of time in which to write the report.

Answer 67

Cause (Because + S + V): Because Molly missed the bus, Effect: she took a taxi. Cause (Since + S + V): Since the report was already written, Effect: couldn't add my comments Cause (As + S + V): As there were no more chairs, Effect: we had to stand during the meeting. Cause (Because of + noun phrase) Because of the power failure, Effect: the plant had to close early. Cause (Due to + noun phrase) Due to the closing of the plant, Effect: the workers went home.

Answer 68

a necessity, or something that you have to do Speaking another language is a must if you want to work internationally.

Answer 69

[countable] a time when important decisions about the future must be made I'm at a crossroads. I have to decide if I want to travel or start my career.

Answer 70

[countable] an advantage in a situation The ability to use various computer programs is a plus.

Answer 71

[used with an object] to inform someone about something Paul will brief us on the market research before the meeting.

Answer 72

best, perfect This is an ideal location for our new building.

Answer 73

main, most important Our primary goal is to create top-of-the-line products.

Answer 74

limited only to a certain person, group, or company Our business interests relate exclusively to the Asia Pacific region. exclusive (adjective)

Answer 75

Use these expressions when you need more detail about what someone said. Could you tell me about + noun phrase? Would you mind elaborating on + noun phrase? Could you expand on + noun phrase? Why don't you fill me in on + noun phrase? What about + noun phrase?

Answer 76

[countable] subject or theme This class will cover three content areas: contracts, mergers, and acquisitions.

Answer 77

[countable] merchandise organized by kind or type and sold by a company We will introduce two new product lines this year: women's exercise clothing and men's exercise shoes.

Answer 78

[used with an object] to improve something by combining it with something that goes well with it The new lamps really complement the rest of the office furniture. complement (noun) complementary (adjective)

Answer 79

[used with an object] to help something become more successful The CEO wants to promote sales in the Asian market. promotion (noun)

Answer 80

[used with an object] to put something in its proper place in a list organized according to quality or importance Which product do you rank the highest?

Answer 81

extremely important The new women's product is a critical part of our business plan.

Answer 82

developing or becoming noticed We plan to do business with some of the emerging economies in the south. emerge (verb)

Answer 83

showing signs of success for the future Because of its market position, this company has a promising future. promise (noun)

Answer 84

The comparative is used to show the relationship between two items. 1-syllable adjective + -er + than + noun phrase My office is smaller than your office. Sally works faster than John. 2-syllable adjective ending in y (change to i) + -er + than + noun phrase This exam was easier than the last one. Pam's desk is messier than Alan's desk. 3-syllable (or longer) adjective with more + noun phrase A computer is more efficient than a typewriter. The new process is more economical than the old one.

Answer 85

The superlative form is used to show the relationship between three or more items. the + 1-syllable adjective + -est + noun phrase You have the biggest office in the department. Meg is the fastest runner in the school. the + 2-syllable adjective ending in y (change to i) + -est + noun phrase Ralph has the easiest job in the company. That was the funniest movie I have ever seen. the + 3-syllable (or longer) adjective + noun phrase Customer support is the most important feature of our service. This is the most convenient software for accounting.

Answer 86

Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form good better the best bad worse the worst far farther/further the farthest/the furthest

Answer 87

These expressions are used to introduce information or to signal a change in topic so that the listener knows what he or she will be listening to next. 'd like to tell you about ... Let's start with ... Now let's turn to ... My research shows ... So let me tell you about ..

Answer 88

[countable] subject or theme This class will cover three content areas: contracts, mergers, and acquisitions.

Answer 89

[countable] merchandise organized by kind or type and sold by a company We will introduce two new product lines this year: women's exercise clothing and men's exercise shoes.

Answer 90

[used with an object] to improve something by combining it with something that goes well with it The new lamps really complement the rest of the office furniture. complement (noun) complementary (adjective)

Answer 91

[used with an object] to help something become more successful The CEO wants to promote sales in the Asian market. promotion (noun)

Answer 92

[used with an object] to put something in its proper place in a list organized according to quality or importance Which product do you rank the highest? rank (noun)

Answer 93

extremely important The new women's product is a critical part of our business plan.

Answer 94

developing or becoming noticed We plan to do business with some of the emerging economies in the south. emerge (verb)

Answer 95

showing signs of success for the future Because of its market position, this company has a promising future. promise (noun)

Answer 96

[uncountable] the process of combining two things into one new thing After the merger, BizTech and NewBiz.com had problems with the integration of their engineering teams. integrate (verb)

Answer 97

[countable] the group of people who sell a company's products Our sales doubled this year, so we're going to add 350 people to the sales force.

Answer 98

to be willing to consider something The management is open to the idea of increasing vacation time for employees.

Answer 99

to give someone recent information about something When Sarah gets back from vacation, we'll bring her up to speed on the changes in the accounting department.

Answer 100

[used with or without an object] to have something cover or include part of another thing, such as a subject, an idea, or a job task We reorganized our design department because the responsibilities of the artists and the designers overlapped. overlap (noun)

Answer 101

to put money back into a company to encourage its own growth Intertech Industries used a large share of its profits this year to reinvest in itself.

Answer 102

to change the organization of something, such as a company In order to cut costs, we're going to restructure our overseas sales offices. restructuring (noun)

Answer 103

large in number or degree, significant The price of Crosley Motors stock had a substantial increase last quarter.

Answer 104

Use these when the noun being talked about is not familiar to the listener, when the noun is not specific, or for the first mention of something. Singular Nouns: a + consonant sound a cap a uniform an + vowel sound an employee an honest person Plural and Uncountable Nouns some: some employees some water

Answer 105

Use the article the when the noun being talked about is familiar to both the speaker and the listener, or for the second mention of something. I saw the President of the United States when I went to Washington, D.C. the projector Excuse me, do you have a projector that I could use? Yes, the projector is in the conference room.

Answer 106

Use these expressions to ask for clarification or to confirm that you have understood what was said. Let me make sure I understand you. Let me see if I understand you correctly. Am I right? In other words, ... Are you saying (that) ...? So what you're saying is ... So what I hear you saying is ...

Answer 107

[always singular] an understanding of or familiarity with something It took Pam a while to get a feel for skiing, but now she's very good at it.

Answer 108

[countable or uncountable] a promise or guarantee Ron wants some assurance that he will not be asked to travel for his new job. assure (verb)

Answer 109

a reduction in the number of employees in a company XYZ Enterprises must be in serious financial trouble. This is their second downsizing this year. downsize (verb)

Answer 110

[uncountable] the understanding that the possibility of losing your job is very low Salary is important, but I'm more concerned about job security.

Answer 111

[uncountable] the opportunity for something to happen These rules need to be clearer; there shouldn't be any room for discussion.

Answer 112

[separable; used with an object] to introduce a new topic into a conversation When we discussed the employees' working conditions, Janis brought up the issue of paid vacation.

Answer 113

[used with or without an object] to reduce the number of employees in a company After ABC Industries decided to downsize, it laid off 20 percent of its workers. downsizing (noun)

Answer 114

to occur without problems Good luck, Paula. I hope your job interview goes smoothly.

Answer 115

to plan to do something with a certain purpose or goal in mind Bill intended to clean the kitchen last weekend, but he didn't have time. intention (noun) intentional (adjective)

Answer 116

[inseparable; used with an object] to accept less than what you had wanted or hoped for Beverly wanted to sell her car for $5,000 but she settled for $4,500.

Answer 117

used to say that something is worth doing because the result will probably not be bad Maybe my boss won't let me leave work early today, but there's no harm in asking her.

Answer 118

[countable] the one-year period used to summarize a company's financial condition. In this company, the fiscal year ends in April.

Answer 119

[countable; usually plural] a possible future effect of something The company's decision to move its headquarters had serious implications for its employees.

Answer 120

[countable] a specific consumer group for a product or service This movie is too slow for teenagers and too modern for older people, but it found a market niche with young adults.

Answer 121

[uncountable] the reputation or identity that a product or company has in an industry This product does well in Europe, but it has no market presence at all in North America.

Answer 122

[separable; used with an object] to combine two things by blending the smaller one into the larger one Minitron folded easily into GlobalTech because their product lines complemented each other.

Answer 123

to check someone's reaction to an idea Before we develop a new product, we always test the waters with potential customers to see if there will be a market for it.

Answer 124

as the representative of an organization or another person I'm going to speak on behalf of the marketing director because she couldn't attend the meeting.

Answer 125

Quantifiers give specific information about the quantity of the nouns they come before. Quantifiers Used with Plural Countable Nouns Quantifiers Used with Uncountable Nouns

Answer 126

a number of a considerable number of + countable noun a significant number of Examples: There were a number of changes to the contract. There were a considerable number of problems with the report. A significant number of customers responded to the survey.

Answer 127

a great deal of a significant amount of + uncountable noun a considerable amount of Examples: There is a great deal of risk in selling now. We had a significant amount of trouble reaching an agreement. There was a considerable amount of damage after the storm.

Answer 128

hardly any + countable noun hardly any + uncountable noun Examples: There were hardly any managers at the meeting. There was hardly any increase in production.

Answer 129

Use these expressions to offer assistance or show willingness to assist someone. Examples: I'll see what I can (do). I'll see if I can (contact the customer service department). Why don't I (call a doctor)? I'd be happy to (make a reservation for you).

Answer 130

[countable] a secret group of letters or numbers that gives someone access to something Bill couldn't open his email because he forgot his password.

Answer 131

[countable] the information that callers hear when they reach someone's voice mail The personal greeting on Susan's voice mail said she would be out of town this week.

Answer 132

to be unavailable because you are busy I need to talk to Rhonda, but she's tied up in meetings all day.

Answer 133

[used with an object] to find someone that you're looking for because you need to talk to him or her. Hi, Bob! I'm glad you're in the office this afternoon. I was hoping to catch you before the end of the day.

Answer 134

[inseparable; not used with an object] to call the place where you work Janet's not in the office today, but she'll probably phone in after lunch to check her voice mail.

Answer 135

[separable; used with an object] to gather or collect something I'll pick up my voice mail messages right after the meeting.

Answer 136

[separable; used with an object] to transfer someone's telephone call to someone else Could you please put me through to Edgar's voice mail?

Answer 137

not officially acceptable He was not allowed into the country because his visa was invalid. invalidate (verb)

Answer 138

before anything else happens My manager wants this report first thing tomorrow morning, so I have to finish it before I go home today.

Answer 139

The past progressive can be used with certain non-action verbs to make questions, requests, and suggestions softer, less direct, and more polite.

Answer 140

S + was/were hoping + to + V (base form) I was hoping to speak to Mr. Smith today. S + was/were hoping (that) + could/would/might + V (base form) I was hoping that I could speak with Mr. Smith today.

Answer 141

S + was/were wondering + wh- question word + S + V I was wondering when we could meet. S + was/were wondering + if/whether + S + V I was wondering if we could meet later this afternoon.

Answer 142

S + was/were wondering + if/whether + S + V I was wondering if we could meet later this afternoon. S + was/were thinking (that) + S + would/could/should/might/ought to + V (base form) I was thinking we could meet when I'm in London next week.

Answer 143

May I speak with (Tom Brown), please?

Answer 144

May I take a message for you?

Answer 145

May I leave a message? Could I have (Tom Brown's) voice mail, please? Could you connect me to (Tom Brown's) voice mail, please? Could you put me through to (Tom Brown's) voice mail, please?

Answer 146

This is (Jimmy Smith) calling. You can reach me at (555-7072).

Answer 147

[countable] a large meeting for people in a specific field, industry, or association Next week, Tina is going to Chicago to attend a convention for software developers.

Answer 148

[countable] a legal document that prevents someone from revealing certain information We ask all our contractors to sign a nondisclosure agreement for any project they work on.

Answer 149

[used with an object] to help to put someone into a better situation This distribution agreement will benefit both of our companies. benefit (noun) beneficial (adjective)

Answer 150

[separable; used with an object] to prepare and write a document After we have finalized the agreement, I'll ask my lawyer to draw up a contract.

Answer 151

to become familiar with someone or something At first my job was hard, but then I got to know the business better and I felt more comfortable.

Answer 152

shared by both sides in an agreement or relationship It's in the mutual interest of both of our companies to reach an agreement as quickly as possible.

Answer 153

unable to go anywhere After the ship sank, Tom was stranded on a tiny island until the rescue boat came. strand (verb)

Answer 154

in person, or together in the same place Bert and I have exchanged many emails, but I've never met him face to face. face-to-face (adjective)

Answer 155

In an unreal conditional sentence, the if clause describes a situation that is not real or not true. The result clause states what would happen if the unreal situation were true. "If" Clause & Result Clause Positive Sentences If + S + V (past tense) S + would + V (base form) If I knew the phone number, I would call to check on the order. With "be": If + S + were S + would + V (base form) If I were you, I would stay home today. With "be" (less formal): If + S + was S + would + V (base form) If she was having personal problems, she would tell me. Negative Sentences If + S + didn't + V (past tense) S + would + V (base form) If she didn't have so much to do, she would feel less stress. OR If + S + V (past tense) S + wouldn't + V (base form) If he left the company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job.

Answer 156

[not used with an object] to have a friendly and informal conversation I was chatting with Jackie at lunch today and she told me she had a great vacation. chat (noun)

Answer 157

to like and have a good relationship with someone immediately after meeting The two new technicians went to lunch together today. It looks like they really hit it off!

Answer 158

[used with an object] to lead the operation of a business Betty's parents run the bookstore on Main Street.

Answer 159

[informal] used to say that someone is very rich That health club is really expensive! You'd have to be rolling in money to join.

Answer 160

using machines to complete processes The bakery used to package each loaf of bread by hand, but now it has an automated packaging system. automate (verb) automation (noun)

Answer 161

having or dealing with a broad range of something The new finance manager has extensive experience in financial consulting.

Answer 162

having a strong effect or creating a good image in the minds of others Ms. Sather gave an impressive presentation at the board meeting yesterday. impress (verb) impression (noun)

Answer 163

Use the past perfect to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. Use the past perfect to describe the first action and use the simple past to describe the second action. Positive Statement: S + had + past participle She had already left for New York when I arrived at the airport. Negative Statement: S + had + not + past participle He hadn't called me in a few days, so I called him. Question: Had + S + past participle? Had you met him before this evening? She had already left for New York when I arrived at the airport. (First she left for New York, and then I arrived at the airport.)

Answer 164

Use the past perfect to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. Use the past perfect to describe the first action and use the simple past to describe the second action. In sentences with before or after, the past perfect is optional because the time relationships are already clear. Mike had left for London before I arrived at his house. Mike left for London before I arrived at his house. The past perfect can also be used to express an unrealized hope or wish. I had hoped to make an appointment with him before he left. I wish you had told me Mike was going to be late.

Answer 165

Expressing Strong or Complete Agreement: I completely agree. Absolutely. Definitely. Expressing Partial Agreement: I would tend to agree with you. I agree in principle. I agree in general. Expressing Simple Agreement: I agree with you on that. I have the same opinion. You're right.

Answer 166

Another way to say "What it is happening?"

Answer 167

feel fine to meet another person

Answer 168

"feo u horrible"

Answer 169

Preguntar si aun no se ha realizado algo

Answer 170

To as a preposition: destination or direction "We’re going to Liverpool next week." "The door to the main office was open." To as a preposition: receiver of an action I [V]gave [O]the keys to [receiver]Jane. "She’s always writing letters to the local newspaper" To as a preposition: time "It’s ten to six. We’d better leave now or we’ll be late." To as a preposition: approximate numbers "There were forty to fifty people at the meeting" To as a preposition: after verbs "The bank hasn’t replied to my letter yet." To as a preposition: after adjectives "I cannot bear people being cruel to animals." To: the to-infinitive "I need to leave early today."

Answer 171

"Intente localizarlo" (using simple past when the frame of time is implicit in the context of the situation)

Answer 172

"fuera de la ciudadd"

Answer 173

‘more than enough’ "This coffee is too sweet."

Answer 174

incentivos del (para el) distribuidor

Answer 175

a quantity that fills the hand. "a small handful of fresh cilantro" "we only have courses for a handful of languages"

Answer 176

negative progressive past of "turns out"

Answer 177

verb 1 take or go with (someone or something) to a place. "she brought Luke home from the hospital" 2 cause (someone or something) to be in a particular state or condition. "it was an economic policy that would have brought the country to bankruptcy" 3 initiate (legal action) against someone. "charges should be brought against them" 4 force oneself to do something unpleasant. "she could not bring herself to mention it"

Answer 178

offer help to someone else

Answer 179

we have been

Answer 180

Verb 1 make certain that (something) shall occur or be the case. "the client must ensure that accurate records be kept"

Answer 181

To round a value "I inherited the family business about five years ago." Connect information to a Subject "tell me a little more about Accelerated"

Answer 182

Wish / hope / wait "My sister and I are looking forward to your recommendations."

Answer 183

A pair of something

Answer 184

In, into: position and direction We use in to talk about where something is in relation to a larger area around it: "I’ve left my keys in the car." We use into to talk about the movement of something, usually with a verb that expresses movement (e.g. go, come). It shows where something is or was going: "She’s gone into the house." With some verbs (e.g. put, fall, jump, dive) we can use either in or into with no difference in meaning: "Can you put the milk in/into the fridge?" In: phrasal verbs We use in to make a number of phrasal verbs: "I was feeling very tired and I couldn’t really take in what she was saying. (understand)" "Please call in and see us next time you’re in the area. (visit us briefly)"

Answer 185

Multi-word verbs are verbs which consist of a verb and one or two particles or prepositions (e.g. up, over, in, down). There are three types of multi-word verbs: phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. Sometimes, the name ‘phrasal verb’ is used to refer to all three types.

Answer 186

We use by meaning ‘not later than’ to refer to arrangements and deadlines: "They said that the plumber would be here by Monday." When we use the passive voice, we can use a phrase with by to say who did the action: "The new street was opened by the Mayor." We use by the time, meaning ‘when’, to connect an action that has happened or will have happened before a second action. The action that happened second comes after by the time: "l have finished work! (Unfortunately the man had died by the time the ambulance arrived." By meaning ‘how to do something’ We use by + -ing form to describe how to do something: "By pressing this button, you turn on the alarm system. Then by entering the code 0089, you can turn it off again." We use by + noun to describe how someone travels or communicates, or how things are processed: "I’ll send it by email; I can send it by post as well if you wish." "Can I pay by credit card?" When we say by + myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, it means ‘alone’. We sometimes use all for emphasis We use by to mean ‘beside’ or ‘at the side of’: "There’s a lovely café by the river. We could go there." We use by to talk about measurements, and increases and decreases in amounts: "My bedroom is just three metres by two metres!" We use by when we talk about the writers of books, songs, poems, symphonies, etc.: "What’s the name of the latest song by U2?"

Answer 187

Negative future (Will) "I'm concerned that the supplier won't deliver on time because it's happened in the past."

Answer 188

noun 1 a plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion by others. 2an offer of marriage. "surely a woman as beautiful as you has had proposals?"

Answer 189

adjective 1 (of a person) wanting to do or have something very much. "the man was eager to please"

Answer 190

noun 1 a thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest. "borrowers can take out a loan for $84,000" verb 1 lend (a sum of money or item of property). "the word processor was loaned to us by the theater"

Answer 191

noun a person or organization you are closely involved with in some way: "The two companies are partners in a contract to build the new factory." one of the owners of a company: "He's a partner in an insurance company/a law firm." the person you are married to or living with as if married to them, or the person you are having a sexual relationship with: "I've invited David and his partner over for dinner." one of a pair of dancers or one of a pair who are playing a sport or a game together, especially when the pair are playing as a team verb to act as someone's partner in a sport, game, dance, or activity, or to choose someone to do this: to join with another person or organization in a business activity:

Answer 192

possible options, using "might" and every action ending with "ing" "You should consider take one option right away: either collaborating with them or let them anyone else stay in charge of this proejct."

Answer 193

Preposition 1 expressing movement or action with the result that someone or something becomes enclosed or surrounded by something else. "cover the bowl and put it into the fridge" 2 expressing movement or action with the result that someone or something makes physical contact with something else. "he crashed into a parked car" 3 indicating a route by which someone or something may arrive at a particular destination. "the narrow road that led down into the village" 4 indicating the direction toward which someone or something is turned when confronting something else. "with the wind blowing into your face" 5 indicating an object of attention or interest. "a clearer insight into what is involved" 6 expressing a change of state. "a peaceful protest which turned into a violent confrontation" 7 expressing the result of an action. "they forced the club into a humiliating and expensive special general meeting" 8 expressing division. "three into twelve equals four" 9 INFORMAL (of a person) taking a lively and active interest in (something). "he's into surfing"

Answer 194

Adverb 1 in or to a foreign country, especially one across the sea. he spent quite a lot of time working overseas Adjective 1 from, to, or relating to a foreign country, especially one across the sea. overseas trips

Answer 195

to be the right size or shape for someone or something: "That jacket fits you perfectly." to be suitable for something: "With her qualifications, she should fit the job perfectly." to provide something and put it in the correct position: "All the carpets we sell are fitted free."

Answer 196

to get information about something because you want to know more about it, or to learn a fact or piece of information for the first time: "How did you find out about the party?" to discover that someone has done something wrong: "He lived in fear of being found out."

Answer 197

to see and talk to someone for the first time: "They met at work." to come together with someone intentionally: "Lorraine and I meet for lunch once a month." to come together with someone without intending to: "It's always awkward when you meet someone you know but you can't remember their name." to wait at a place for someone or something to arrive: "Will you meet me at the airport (= be there when the aircraft arrives)?" to touch or join something: "There's a large crack where the ceiling meets the wall." to experience something: "I've never met that kind of problem/system before." meet verb (SATISFY) to fulfill, satisfy, or achieve: "The workers' demands for higher pay were not met by the management."

Answer 198

to offer a particular amount of money for something that is for sale and compete against other people to buy it, especially at a public sale of goods or property: "She knew she couldn't afford it, so she didn't bid". If two or more people bid for a job, they compete with each other to do the work by offering to do it for a particular amount of money: "The department is trying to ensure fairer competition among firms bidding for city contracts".

Answer 199

a supply of something for use or sale: "It is now halfway through winter and food stocks are already low." the total amount of goods or the amount of a particular type of goods available in a store: "This shop sells its old stock at very low prices." the amount of money that a company has through selling shares to people: "They own 20 percent of the company's stock". part of the ownership of a company that can be bought by members of the public: "Stock prices fell yesterday in heavy trading."

Answer 200

money that is earned in trade or business after paying the costs of producing and selling goods and services: "She makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies." money that a business earns above what it costs to produce and sell goods and services: "Any profit made on the sale is taxable."

Answer 201

to receive money as payment for work that you do: "I earn $80,000 a year." to get something that you deserve: "It's been a tough six months and I feel I've earned a few weeks off." to collect a reward for doing business with a particular company or for a particular activity. "You can use these rewards to buy goods or get some other advantage: Apply now to start earning loyalty points"

Answer 202

a formal arrangement to meet or visit someone at a particular time and place: "I'd like to make an appointment with Dr. Evans, please." the act of officially choosing someone for a job, or the job itself: "his appointment as senior lecturer"

Answer 203

to give, provide, or make something known: "The winners were presented with medals." as a synonym of "introduce" (someone)

Answer 204

to see or become conscious of something or someone "Did you notice how she did that?" (a board, piece of paper, etc. containing) information or instructions "I saw a notice in the paper announcing their marriage"

Answer 205

a thin, flat piece of cut wood or other hard material, often used for a particular purpose "There was a "For Sale" board outside the house." a flat piece of wood or other hard material with a special pattern on it, used for playing games "a chess board" a blackboard or whiteboard "The teacher wrote her name up on the board." the group of people who are responsible for controlling and organizing a company or organization "Every decision has to be approved by the board" on a boat, train, or aircraft "As soon as I was on board, I began to have second thoughts about leaving"

Answer 206

to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time "don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary."

Answer 207

used to show that something is in a position above something else and touching it, or that something is moving into such a position "Look at all the books on your desk!" covering the surface of, being held by, or connected to something "There's blood on your shirt." used for showing some methods of travelling "I love travelling on trains." used to show something for which a payment is made "He spent €180 on a hat." next to or along the side of "Our house was on Sturton Street." on your body or someone's body "It's very cold so put a coat on." used to show when something is operating or starting to operate "Could you switch on the radio?" into a bus, train, plane, etc., or in the correct position to start using some other method of travelling "Her horse galloped off as soon as she was on." continuing forward in time or space "What are you doing later on?" happening or planned "s the party still on for tomorrow?"

Answer 208

to finish something successfully or to achieve something "The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes."

Answer 209

the number of things that a company sells compared with the number of things of the same type that other companies sell "The company has increased its market share."

Answer 210

to take goods, letters, parcels, etc. to people's houses or places of work "Mail is delivered to our office twice a day." to (help) give birth to a baby to do or produce sth that you are expected to do "ways to deliver a better service to our customers" to say the words of a speech "He delivered a memorable speech."

Answer 211

physically violent and frightening "Two men were shot during fierce fighting last weekend." strong and powerful "Fierce winds prevented the race from taking place." showing strong feeling or energetic activity "There is fierce competition to join the Special Branch."

Answer 212

physically violent and frightening "Two men were shot during fierce fighting last weekend." strong and powerful "Fierce winds prevented the race from taking place." showing strong feeling or energetic activity "There is fierce competition to join the Special Branch."

Answer 213

physically violent and frightening "Two men were shot during fierce fighting last weekend." strong and powerful "Fierce winds prevented the race from taking place." showing strong feeling or energetic activity "There is fierce competition to join the Special Branch."

Answer 214

to achieve a desired goal "Winning the gold medal fulfilled his hopes and dreams." to do or have sth that is necessary "You have fulfilled the requirements of the degree." to do a job that needs to be done "Public libraries fulfill a need in our communities." to make sb feel satisfied with themselves "a job that fulfills him"

Answer 215

despite the fact that "She hasn't called, even though she said she would." but "They're coming next week, though I don't know which day."

Answer 216

to be happy to do something if it is needed "Apparently John and Gabriel are willing for us to use their barbecue." A willing person does their work energetically and enthusiastically. "a willing helper" happy to do sth you have been asked to do "Would you be willing to give money?"

Answer 217

extremely large in size or amount "They live in a huge house." very large "The crowd was huge." very important or popular "a huge scientific discovery"

Answer 218

to be of reasonable or good value for the price "Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune." to be important or interesting enough to receive a particular action "I think this matter is worth our attention." to be important or useful to have or do "There's nothing worth reading in this newspaper." the amount of something that you could buy for £20, $100, etc. "$4 million worth of souvenirs and gift items have been produced for the event." an amount of something that will last a month, a year, etc. or that takes a month, a year, etc. to do "a month's worth of grocery shopping" forecast indicates what you are going to say may not be very useful "For what it’s worth, I understand how bad you feel."

Answer 219

complete or not divided "I spent the wclerksole day cleaning."

Answer 220

a statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation, or the expected weather conditions "economic forecasts"

Answer 221

a person who works in an office, dealing with records or performing general office duties "a junior office clerk" sb who serves in a store An office worker

Answer 222

completely The two situations are quite different. used to express that you are not certain about something I don't quite know what to say. used to emphasize the degree or amount of something, or to say that someone or something is impressive, interesting, or unusual "You've made your position quite clear ." a little or a lot but not completely "I'm quite tired but I can certainly walk a little further."

Answer 223

a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about "As employers we need to be seen to be addressing (= dealing with) these issues sympathetically." a set of newspapers or magazines published at the same time or a single copy of a newspaper or magazine "An old issue of "Homes and Gardens" lay on the table." to produce or provide something official "The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings." a subject being discussed "a website dedicated to the issue of euthanasia" to cause sth to seem more important than it is "Try not to make an issue of his poor eating habits." to disagree with "researchers who took issue with survey results" to provide or make available "Soldiers will be issued with the correct equipment." to announce "A health warning has been issued."

Answer 224

the amount of money received from a particular event or activity or when something is sold "The proceeds of today's festival will go to several local charities."

Answer 225

to a greater distance or degree, or at a more advanced level "Every day she sinks further and further into depression." more or extra "Have you anything further to add?" in addition to or to a greater degree "to look further back in history"

Answer 226

a sea creature with five pairs of legs and a round, flat body covered by a shell, or its flesh eaten as food "We walked along the beach collecting small crabs."

Answer 227

to make something stronger or more effective, or to become stronger or more effective "The bank loan has greatly strengthened our financial position" to become or make stronger "moves to strengthen the economy"

Answer 228

an occasion when two or more companies or organizations join together to make one larger company "She's an attorney who advises companies about mergers and takeovers."

Answer 229

a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares "They were involved in a takeover last year."

Answer 230

the process of getting something "The acquisition of huge amounts of data has helped our research enorfeemously." the act of acquiring "The public support the acquisition of more land to protect wildlife."

Answer 231

containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts "They're making the most elaborate preparations for the wedding."

Answer 232

an amount of money paid for a particular piece of work or for a particular right or service "The students are holding a demonstration to protest against the increase in their fees." a payment for professionainjury services

Answer 233

to buy something "Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance."

Answer 234

physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack "Injuries to the spine are common among these workers"

Answer 235

to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties "We must strive to narrow the gap between rich and poor." to work hard to achieve "We have always striven to be the best."

Answer 236

to continue a job that sb else has started "The new president takes over in September." to get control of a government, country, company, etc. "the year after the Communists took over"

Answer 237

useful, important, or good enough to be a suitable reward for the money or time spent or the effort made "She considers teaching a worthwhile career."

Answer 238

the activity of buying and selling, or exchanging, goods and/or services between people or countries: "The two countries have signed a trade agreement for one year only." a job, especially one that needs special skill, that involves working with your han "He's a carpenter by trade." used to refer to the publishing of books, etc. that are aimed at the general public "My friend just moved to trade publishing after years in academic publishing." to be bought and sold, or to buy and sell shares, on the stock exchange: The volume of stocks traded today was very high. to exchange something, or to stop using or doing something and start using or doing something else instead: "The children traded comics."

Answer 239

to fall or to allow something to fall: "She dropped her keys." to move to a lower level, or cause something to move to a lower level "We had to drop our prices because of the recession."

Answer 240

to fall or to allow something to fall: "She dropped her keys." to move to a lower level, or cause something to move to a lower level "We had to drop our prices because of the recession." to stop doing or planning something, especially an activity: "I'm going to drop yoga and do aerobics instead" .to take someone to a particular place, usually in a car, and leave them there: "They dropped me off at the main entrance". to become available for people to buy, listen to, or watch, especially using the internet; to make something available like this: "We heard that rapper Dave was about to drop a new album."

Answer 241

to use something to discover if it works or if you like it "Don't forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment" try-out a test to see how useful or effective something or someone is "The try-outs for the team will be next weekend." try out to compete for a position on the team or a part in the play "Jim tried out for the school play."

Answer 242

easily and without interruption or difficulty "If all goes smoothly, we should arrive by nine o'clock" without any sudden movements or changes "I drove through the gates, which closed smoothly behind me."

Answer 243

to end a phone conversation "Let me speak to Melanie before you hang up" hang something up to stop using and needing something because you have given up the sport or activity it is used for: "So when did you hang up your boxing gloves/golf clubs/ballet shoes?" a permanent and unreasonable feeling of anxiety about a particular feature of yourself: "He's one of these men who went bald very young and has a terrible hang-up about it." hang something up to place something, esp. clothing, on a hook or hanger: "Hang your coat up and come on in." a problem that causes a delay: "The doctor never got back to me with the test results – I guess there was some hang-up over the weekend."

Answer 244

to formally establish a new company, organization, system, way of working, etc.: "She plans to set up her own business." to arrange for an event or activity to happen: "We need to set up a meeting to discuss the proposals." to establish someone or yourself in a business or position:approach "She set herself up as an interior designer." to provide someone with the energy or health that you need for a particular period of time: "A good breakfast really sets you up for the day."

Answer 245

costing a lot of money: "Rolls Royces are very expensive"

Answer 246

to come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount "We could just see the train approaching in the distance." to speak to, write to, or visit someone in order to do something such as make a request or business agreement: "She's been approached by a modeling agency."

Answer 247

(used in questions and negatives) to be annoyed or worried by something: "Do you think he'd mind if I borrowed his book?" to listen to and obey someone: "Mind your grandma!"

Answer 248

to take hold of something or someone suddenly and roughly: "A mugger grabbed her handbag as she was walking across the park." to take the opportunity to get, use, or enjoy something quickly: "If you don't grab this opportunity, you might not get another one."

Answer 249

to plan, prepare for, or organize something: "The meeting has been arranged for Wednesday." to put a group of objects in a particular order: "She arranged her birthday cards along the shelf" to make changes to a piece of music so that it can be played in a different way, for example, by a particular instrument: "Beethoven's fifth symphony has been arranged for the piano."

Answer 250

to leave a place, usually in order to start a trip "If we can get off by seven o'clock, the roads will be clearer" to leave work with permission, usually at the end of the day: "How early can you get off this afternoon?" to leave a train, bus, or aircraft: "I tripped as I got off the bus." to send a letter or package to someone: "I got that letter off this morning." It was so hot that I didn't get off (to sleep) till three o'clock".

Answer 251

to leave a place, usually in order to start a trip "If we can get off by seven o'clock, the roads will be clearer" to leave work with permission, usually at the end of the day: "How early can you get off this afternoon?" to leave a train, bus, or aircraft: "I tripped as I got off the bus." to send a letter or package to someone: "I got that letter off this morning." It was so hot that I didn't get off (to sleep) till three o'clock". to avoid punishment, or to help another person to avoid punishment for something: "She was charged with fraud, but her lawyer managed to get her off." to remove a part of your body from a particular place: "Get your hands off me!"

Answer 252

to return to a place after you have been somewhere else: "If you get back in time, you can come with us". o do something unpleasant to someone because they have done something unpleasant to you: "I'll get you back for this, just you wait!" to be given something again that you had before: "Don't lend him money - you'll never get it back."

Answer 253

in a voice loud enough to be heard: "He read her letter aloud to the rest of the family"

Answer 254

enjoyable, attractive, friendly, or easy to like: a pleasant climate/smile/person

Answer 255

to operate a phone or make a phone call to someone by choosing a particular series of numbers on the phone: "Can I dial this number direct, or do I have to go through the operator?"

Answer 256

to give the effect of being; to be judged to be: "He's 16, but he often seems (to be) younger".

Answer 257

to interrupt what someone is doing: "Please don't disturb your sister - she's trying to do her homework". to cause someone to be worried or upset: "Some scenes are violent and may disturb younger viewers". to move or change something from its usual position, arrangement, condition, or shape: "The thief had disturbed the documents in her filing cabinet, but nothing had been taken."

Answer 258

to refuse to continue working because of an argument with an employer about working conditions, pay levels, or job cuts "We're striking for better pay and improved safety standards." to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens suddenly: "I have a life insurance policy that will take care of my family if disaster strikes". to hit or attack someone or something forcefully or violently: "Her car went out of control and struck an oncoming vehicle." to remove something officially from a document: "Please strike my name from your mailing list immediately." If a thought or idea strikes you, you suddenly think of it:"Sitting at her desk, she was struck by the thought that there had to be something more to life." to take down a tent or a number of tents: "We struck camp next day and set off down the mountain" a period of time when workers refuse to work because of an argument with an employer about working conditions, pay levels, or job losses: "Some miners were calling for a nationwide strike." a sudden, short military attack, especially one by aircraft or missiles: "The United Nations has authorized the use of air strikes." to hit or physically attack someone or something: " A car struck the man trying to cross a major highway." to bring sudden harm, damage, or injury to a person or thing: [ T ] It was a disease that strnondisclosureuck mainly young people.

Answer 259

in or to the central part of a city: downtown Los Angeles

Answer 260

to search somewhere when you are looking for an object or information : "He dug into his pocket and took out a few coins."

Answer 261

a criticism, esp. a remark about someone that does not seem intentional but actually is: "His reference to how busy we were was a dig at us for forgetting to greet him properly." to search somewhere when you are looking for an object or information : "He dug into his pocket and took out a few coins."

Answer 262

to speak angrily to someone, telling that person that you disagree with them: "The children are always arguing." to give the reasons for your opinion, idea, belief, etc. "You can argue the case either way." to show that something is true or exists: "The evidence argues a change in policy."

Answer 263

The present perfect is used to talk about things that happened at unspecified times in the past and makes a connection between the past and the present. have/has + past participle With regular verbs, the past participle form is the same as the simple past form; they both end in -ed. But the past participles of some verbs are irregular. "She has visited France." "I have written a letter."

Answer 264

With I, you, we, and they, the verb have is usually shortened to 've in spoken English. With she, he, and it, the verb has is usually shortened to 's in spoken English. I've written a letter. She's visited Japan.

Answer 265

Use the present perfect to show that something happened at an unspecified time in the past. Already can be used to emphasize that something happened before now. Michael has finished his report. Thomas has left already.

Answer 266

Use the present perfect to show that something was repeated at two or more unspecified times in the past. Bob has seen that movie five times. I've visited France many times.

Answer 267

Use the present perfect with since or for to show that something began in the past and continues into the present. Since + the specific time that an action began For + the length of time of an action Karl has worked here since January. Marie has been here for five months.

Answer 268

Use the present perfect to ask if something happened at an unspecified time in the past. Ever after the subject emphasizes that you are asking if something happened at any time at all. Yet at the end of the sentence emphasizes that something is expected to happen. have/has + S + past participle Have you studied Spanish? Has he ever visited China? Has she talked to her manager yet?

Answer 269

The negative form shows that something didn't happen before now. Have not and has not are often shortened to haven't and hasn't. Never after have/has emphasizes that something has not happened. Yet at the end of the sentence emphasizes that something has not happened but might still happen. have/has + not/never + past participle We haven't gone to that show. I've never eaten at this restaurant. Joe hasn't visited Germany yet.

Answer 270

[countable] an official involvement between people, groups, or organizations "Mike's affiliation with the workers' union upsets his wife, who is in management."

Answer 271

[used with an object] to expect or think something will happen in the future "Joyce's company anticipates large profits this year due to strong sales." anticipation (Noun)

Answer 272

[separable] [used with an object] to help someone or something out of a difficult situation "John's parents bailed him out of debt with a loan of $1,000."

Answer 273

[used with an object] to be difficult to get or obtain Success has eluded them so far. elusive (Adjective)

Answer 274

to feel at ease somewhere or with someone I hope you'll feel at home here.

Answer 275

to work together as a team to accomplish a specific goal Several large drug companies joined forces recently to find a cure for AIDS.

Answer 276

dedicated to the success or completion of something The Green Party is a political group committed to improving the environment.

Answer 277

giant, incredibly large Africa is a gigantic continent made up of nearly 50 countries.

Answer 278

changing from one position or situation to another The transitional period between communism and capitalism has been very difficult for many Eastern European countries. transition (Noun)

Answer 279

suddenly changing a great deal Sales fell dramatically from $2.8 million to $1.2 million this year. dramatic (Adjective)

Answer 280

In an active sentence the focus is on the doer of the action. In a passive sentence the focus is on the receiver of the action. In an active sentence the structure is S + V (+ Object). The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive.

Answer 281

You can use the passive a) when the doer is unimportant or unknown, b) when you don't want to mention the doer, or c) when you want to focus on the receiver. To form a passive sentence, use the appropriate tense of "to be" and the past participle of the main verb. Modals in the passive are followed by + the base form of "to be" + the past participle of the main verb. In a passive sentence, the structure is S + be + past participle (+ by + noun phrase). The subject of the active sentence can be deleted in the passive or can follow by at the end of the sentence.

LangSumm L7 Flashcards

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