Language Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Language

A

system that relates sounds or gestures to meaning

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2
Q

Elements of spoken language

A
  1. Phonology
  2. morphology
  3. semantics
  4. syntax
  5. Pragmatics
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3
Q

Phonology

A

sounds of language

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4
Q

Morphology

A

rules of meaning

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5
Q

Semantics

A

study of words and their meaning

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6
Q

Syntax

A

rules that specify how words are combined in a sentence

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7
Q

Pragmatics

A

how people use language to communicate effectively

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8
Q

Phonemes

A

building block sounds of language

-infants can hear phonemes that are not in their language -Sucking test

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9
Q

Infant directed speech

A

may help children learn language

  • infants can identify individual words
  • Adults speak slowly and with exaggerated pitch/volume
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10
Q

Cooing

A

2 months

vowel like sounds

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11
Q

babbling

A

speech like sound that has no meaning
6 months
influenced by the speech they hear

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12
Q

intonation

A

8-11 months

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13
Q

first words

A

1st birthday

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14
Q

Gestures

A

symbols children start to use around the time that they begin to talk

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15
Q

Naming explosion

A

-Learning new words much more rapidly than before

18 months

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16
Q

Fast Mapping

A

Children ability to connect new words to their meanings

17
Q

How does rapid word learning happen?

A
  1. Joint attention
  2. Constraints on word names
  3. Sentence cues
  4. Cognitive growth
18
Q

Joint attention

A

Pointing and naming with the child

19
Q

Constraints on word names

A

-A word refers to a whole object
-If other things in the area have a word, its not assigned to them
-

20
Q

Sentence Cues

21
Q

Cognitive Factors

A

-Naming explosion coincides with rapid cognitive development

22
Q

Naming error: Underextensions

A

defining a word too narrowly

23
Q

Naming error: overextensions

A

defining a word too broadly

24
Q

Phonological memory

A

the ability to remember speech sounds breifly

25
Referential style
vocabularies consist mainly of words that name objects, persons or actions
26
Expressive Style
vocabularies include any social phrases that are used as a single word "go away"
27
Word learning is encouraged by:
Speaking with children frequently - Naming objects - Reading and asking open ended questions
28
TV
No evidence that it increases word learning | -benefits are greatest when children watch with adults
29
Bilingual
Children are often more skilled at switching back and forth between tasks
30
Other symbols
18 months, children understand photos are representations of objects - 3 year olds understand the relation between scale models and objects - later learn charts, graphs and musical notation
31
Telegraphic speech
"sentences" of only words related to the direct meaning
32
Grammatical morphemes
words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatical
33
Over-regularization
Applying rules to words that are exceptions to the rules
34
Acquisition: Linguistic
Inborn | Critical period up to 12 years
35
Brocas area
Region of the left cortex active in combining words into meaningful sentences