Language Flashcards
(35 cards)
Language
system that relates sounds or gestures to meaning
Elements of spoken language
- Phonology
- morphology
- semantics
- syntax
- Pragmatics
Phonology
sounds of language
Morphology
rules of meaning
Semantics
study of words and their meaning
Syntax
rules that specify how words are combined in a sentence
Pragmatics
how people use language to communicate effectively
Phonemes
building block sounds of language
-infants can hear phonemes that are not in their language -Sucking test
Infant directed speech
may help children learn language
- infants can identify individual words
- Adults speak slowly and with exaggerated pitch/volume
Cooing
2 months
vowel like sounds
babbling
speech like sound that has no meaning
6 months
influenced by the speech they hear
intonation
8-11 months
first words
1st birthday
Gestures
symbols children start to use around the time that they begin to talk
Naming explosion
-Learning new words much more rapidly than before
18 months
Fast Mapping
Children ability to connect new words to their meanings
How does rapid word learning happen?
- Joint attention
- Constraints on word names
- Sentence cues
- Cognitive growth
Joint attention
Pointing and naming with the child
Constraints on word names
-A word refers to a whole object
-If other things in the area have a word, its not assigned to them
-
Sentence Cues
-ing=action
Cognitive Factors
-Naming explosion coincides with rapid cognitive development
Naming error: Underextensions
defining a word too narrowly
Naming error: overextensions
defining a word too broadly
Phonological memory
the ability to remember speech sounds breifly