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College Psych > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

Spoken, written, or gestured words and the way we combine them and communicate meaning

A

Language

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2
Q

Spoken language, smallest distinctive sound unit

English has about 44 of these

A

Phoneme

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3
Q

Smallest unit that carries meaning

May be a word or part of a word (ex. prefix)

A

Morpheme

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4
Q

Rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences

A

Semantics

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5
Q

Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

A

Syntax

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6
Q

Understanding what someone is saying
v.
Producing language

A

Receptive v. Productive

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7
Q
  1. ) Cooing
  2. ) Babbling Stage
  3. ) One-Word Stage
  4. ) Two-Word Stage
  5. ) Sentence Formation
A

Language Development

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8
Q

Begins 3-4 months
Infant spontaneously utters various sound at first
Unrelated to household language

A

Babbling Stage

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9
Q

1-2 years

Mostly single words

A

One-Word Stage (Holophrastic Stage)

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10
Q

Around age 2

Speaks in mostly 2 word statements

A

Two-Word Stage

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11
Q

Speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns + verbs

A

Telegraphic Speech

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12
Q

2-2.5 years

A

Sentence Formation

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13
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Skinner

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14
Q

Learn through imitaion

A

Social Learning Theory

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15
Q

Inborn Universal Grammar

A

Chomsky

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16
Q

Aquire language too quickly for it to be learned

A

Inborn Universal Grammar

17
Q

Age: 11-13
Person who is exposed to no language (after about 9-11) will never be able to fully develop in any language
Pass through this period, ability to develop diminish
Ex. Genie

A

Critical (Sensitive) Period

18
Q

Idea that language determines the way we think (not visa versa)

A

Whorf’s Linguistic Determinism

19
Q

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

Cognition

20
Q

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

A

Concept

21
Q

Mental image or best example of a category

A

Prototype

22
Q

Process of finding a single best solution to a problem that you are trying to solve

A

Convergent Thinking

23
Q

Process of creating many unique solutions in order to solve a problem
Ex. essay

A

Divergent Thinking

24
Q

Breaking items down bit by bit

A

Disecting

25
Q

Tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been successful in the past

A

Prior Knowledge/Mental Set

26
Q

Sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

A

Insight

College Psych (4 decks)

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