Language, Culture & Bilingualism Flashcards
(14 cards)
Variability in language
Differences in domains of language dependent on age, gender, health status, society, culture, context
Dialects are usually intelligible forms of a language that differ in systematic ways
language ⇒ collection of dialects
Dialect VS languages
When dialect become mutually unintelligible, they become different languages
Exceptions for dialects and languages
Exceptions
Danish, Norwegian & Swedish → separate languages
Hindi & Urdu → separate language
Mandarin and Cantonese → dialects of chinese
Accents
phonological or phonetic characteristics that distinguish groups of speakers
Pidgins
Small inventory of phonemes
Lack grammatical words
Simpler set of pronouns
Fewer prepositions
Most words in pidgin languages also function as if they belong to several syntactic categories
Bilingualism
native-like control of two languages
Bilingual
an individual who has access to more than one linguistic code as a means of social communications
Simultaneous acquisition
A child acquires both languages at a rate comparable to that of monolingual children
There may be three stage
Sequential acquisition
Most bilinguals develop one language (L1) at home and then the second language (L2) at school, or another location
Code-switching
Shifting from one language to another
Factors affecting code-switching
Language proficiency, language preference and social identity impact language choice in code-switching
Children begin by code-switching single words from one language to another
Children also identify certain people with certain languages
Adults tend to substitute whole sentences
Language difference
a variant of language
Language delay
follows the developmental trajectory but at a slower rate or at a later time
Language disorder
does not follow the developmental trajectory
