Language file

Question 1

phonetic inventories

Answer 1

the sounds that are produced as part of the language

Question 2

phonetic enviorment

Answer 2

the sounds that come before and after in a word

Question 3

sound substitution

Answer 3

a process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that already exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word

Question 4

minimal pair

Answer 4

two words with different meanings whose pronunciations differ by exactly one sound

Question 5

phonological rules

Answer 5

the description of a relationship between a phoneme and its allphones and the conditioning environment in which the allphones appear

Question 6

conditioning environment

Answer 6

neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change

Question 7

nassal place assimilation

Answer 7

an alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant

Question 8

vowel harmony

Answer 8

a back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word

Question 9

obstruents

Answer 9

a natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off

Question 10

sonorants

Answer 10

sound usually voiced produced with a relatively open passage of airflow

Question 11

insertion

Answer 11

phonological rules of insertion cause a segment not present at the phonemic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word

Question 12

voiceless stop insertion

Answer 12

between a nasal constant and a voiceless fricative, a voiceless stop wit the same place of articulation as the nasal is inserted

Question 13

deletion

Answer 13

deletion rules eliminate a sound that was present at the phonemic level

Question 14

metathesis

Answer 14

change the order of the sounds

Question 15

CV metathesis

Answer 15

when three consecutive constants occur the first constant trades places with the preceding vowel

Question 16

strenghtining

Answer 16

make sounds stronger

Question 17

aspiration

Answer 17

voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable

Question 18

flapping

Answer 18

an alveolar (oral) stop is realized, the t takes on the voicedness of the vowels surrounding it

Question 19

dipthong raising

Answer 19

the dipthong is pronounced when it occurs before a voiceless sound

Question 20

maximally distinct

Answer 20

the constants have very few qualities in common with the vowels

Question 21

basic allophone/ restricted allophone

Answer 21

the conditioning environment consists of a single natural class of sounds.