LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

Question 1

Body is upright with feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward

Answer 1

Standard Position

Question 2

Directional Terms (10)

Answer 2

-Superior (cranial)
-Inferior (caudal)
-Anterior (ventral)
-Posterior (dorsal)
-Medial
-Lateral
-Intermediate
-Proximal
-Distal
-Superficial (external)
-Deep (internal)

Question 3

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; ABOVE

Answer 3

Superior (Cranial)

Question 4

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; BELOW

Answer 4

Inferior (caudal)

Question 5

Toward or at the front; IN FRONT OF

Answer 5

Anterior (ventral)

Question 6

Toward or at the back of the body; BEHIND

Answer 6

Posterior (dorsal)

Question 7

Toward or at the midline of the body; ON THE INNER SIDE OF

Answer 7

Medial

Question 8

Away from the midline of the body; ON THE OUTER SIDE

Answer 8

Lateral

Question 9

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Answer 9

Intermediate

Question 10

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Answer 10

Proximal

Question 11

Father from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Answer 11

Distal

Question 12

Toward or at the body surface

Answer 12

Superficial (external)

Question 13

Away from the body surface; more internal

Answer 13

Deep (internal)

Question 14

3 main body planes

Answer 14

Median (midsagittal)
Frontal (coronal) plane
Transverse plane

Question 15

Spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs. Bones, muscles, ligaments, and other structures separate the various body cavities from one another

Answer 15

Body Cavity

Question 16

The two largest human body cavities are

Answer 16

Ventral Cavity
Dorsal Cavity

Question 17

Four abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 17

RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ)
LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)
LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)

Question 18

Nine abdominopelvic regions

Answer 18

-RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION
-EPIGASTRIC REGION
-LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION
-RIGHT LUMBAR REGION
-UMBILICAL REGION
-LEFT LUMBAR REGION
-RIGHT INGUINAL (ILIAC) REGION
-HYPOGASTRIC (PUBIC) REGION
-LEFT INGUINAL (ILIAC) REGION

Question 19

Refers to the study of the causes of a mental or physical disease

Answer 19

Etiology

Question 20

Considered as necessary conditions for the development of a disease

Answer 20

Etiological Factors

Question 21

Enumerate the six etiological factor

Answer 21

a.) genetic abnormalities, either inherited or acquired
b.) infection by microorganisms, e.g. bacteria, viruses, or parasites, e.g. worms
c.) chemicals
d.) ionizing radiation
e.) physical trauma
f.) degeneration, e.g. excessive use or aging

Question 22

The development of a disease and the chain of events leading to that disease

Answer 22

Pathogenesis

Question 23

Progress of disease showing its morphological features or that leads to the diseased state

Answer 23

Pathogenesis

Question 24

This is a tissue response to any kind of tissue damage such as trauma or infection

Answer 24

Inflammation

Question 25

Inflammatory conditions are recognized by the suffix

Answer 25

-itis, e.g. appendicitis.

Question 26

These arise when abnormal cells escape body surveillance and proliferate. The rate of their production exceeds that of normal cell death causing a mass to develop

Answer 26

Tumors

Question 27

Tumors are recognized by the suffix

Answer 27

-oma, e.g. carcinoma

Question 28

These are responses of the normally protective immune system that cause undesirable effects

Answer 28

Abnormal Immune Mechanism

Question 29

These are the effects and consequences of abnormal changes in the blood and/or blood vessel walls

Answer 29

Thrombosis, Embolism, and Infraction

Question 30

Occurs when blood clots block veins or arteries

Answer 30

Thrombosis

Question 31

A blocked artery caused by a foreign body, such as a blood clot or an air bubble

Answer 31

Embolism

Question 32

Death of tissue resulting from a failure of blood supply, commonly due to obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or narrowing of the blood-vessel channel

Answer 32

Infraction

Question 33

Difference between thrombosis and embolism

Answer 33

Thrombosis occurs when a thrombus, or blood clot, develops in a blood vessel and reduces the flow of blood through the vessel. Embolism occurs when a piece of a blood clot, foreign object, or other bodily substance becomes stuck in a blood vessel and largely obstructs the flow of blood

Question 34

This is often associated with normal aging but may also arise prematurely when structures deteriorate causing impaired function

Answer 34

Degeneration

Question 35

These cause undesirable metabolic effects, e.g. diabetes mellitus

Answer 35

Metabolic Abnormalities

Question 36

Refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose)

Answer 36

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 37

These may be either inherited (e.g. phenylketonuria) or caused by environmental factors such as exposure to ionizing radiation

Answer 37

Genetic Abnormalities

Question 38

also called PKU, is a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body

Answer 38

Phenylketonuria

Question 39

A disease with sudden onset often requiring urgent treatment

Answer 39

Acute

Question 40

A disorder which develops any time after birth

Answer 40

Acquired

Question 41

A long-standing disorder which cannot usually be cured

Answer 41

Chronic

Question 42

A disease that can be transmitted (spread) from one individual to another

Answer 42

Communicable Disease

Question 43

A disorder which one is born with

Answer 43

Congenital

Question 44

A condition that results from healthcare intervention

Answer 44

Iatrogenic

Question 45

An abnormality seen or measured by people other than the patient

Answer 45

Sign

Question 46

An abnormality described by the patient

Answer 46

Symptom

Question 47

A collection of signs and symptoms which tend to occur together

Answer 47

Syndrome