Languages and Enviroment Flashcards Preview

Higher Computing Science > Languages and Enviroment > Flashcards

Flashcards in Languages and Enviroment Deck (20)
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1
Q

What is machine code?

A
  • A language that all processors understand.

- Binary.

2
Q

What is hexadecimal code?

A

The lowest form of programming language used by programmers.

3
Q

What is assembly code?

A
  • Created by the developers of processors.
  • Architecture dependent, not portable
  • Often used when high performance is crucial
4
Q

Why are low level languages used?

A
  • Optimisation of code
  • Where no translate software exists
  • Greater control of hardware features
5
Q

What are some high level language characteristics?

A
  • Require translation
  • Portable
  • Easier to read, write and maintain as commands are similar to English
  • Allow access to module libraries
  • Use data types and data structures, selection statements and repetition/ iteration constructs.
  • Use logic operators and functions that are built into the language
  • Held in RAM when a program is executed
6
Q

What is procedural language?

A
  • Designed to allow programs to create code that will be processed logically and in a structured order
  • Code is contained within procedures
  • Procedures will be created to allow a series of steps to be followed
  • Data can be passed from procedure to procedure using parameters
7
Q

What is declarative language?

A
  • Often used but intelligent systems
  • Programmers will create a knowledge base
  • A knowledge base contains a series of related facts and rules
  • Achieve their effect by the evaluation of expressions
  • Allow for the use of self modifying code
  • Use capital letters as a variable to find an unknown
8
Q

What are rules?

A
  • Conditional facts
  • Contain goals and sub-goals e.g
    likes(alan,pizza)
9
Q

What is twos compliment?

A

A process where you convert all the 0s to 1s and all the 1s to 0s, then you add 1.

10
Q

Describe floating point representation.

A

• If bytes for mantissa go up:

  • the precision goes up
  • but the range goes down

• If bytes for mantissa go down:

  • the precision goes down
  • but range goes up
11
Q

What is ascii?

A
  • Used 7 bit represent the characters found on keyboards.
  • Represents: - 128 characters
    - 33 non printing
    - 95 printable
12
Q

What is Unicode?

A
  • 16 bits
  • supports 65536 characters
  • the first 256 characters in Unicode are used to represent those of ex-ascii
13
Q

What is sample rate?

A

Dictates how many samples are taken per second and is measured in KHz

14
Q

What is sample size?

A

Dictates how many bits are used to store each sample, much like the concept of bit depth in relation to a bit mapped graphic

15
Q

What is frame rate?

A

The term used to describe the number of frames that are captured per second when recording a video.

16
Q

What is resolution?

A

The term used to state the total number of pixels in an image.

17
Q

What does but depth dictate?

A

The total number of available colours.

18
Q

How do you calculate file size for a video?

A

File size = frame rate x bit depth x time(s) x resolution

19
Q

How do you calculate the file size of an audio?

A

File size = sample size x sample rate x time x channels

20
Q

How many channels are in mono and stereo?

A

Mono - 1

Stereo - 2