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Landscape Architecture Registration Exam > LARE 4 > Flashcards

LARE 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Stormwater wet pond design

A

Use organic geometries
include topographic variation
Maintain a depth of 4-8’
Increasing flow length (distance water travels downstream)

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2
Q

Lawn or grass area maximum slope

A

25%

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3
Q

Burrow Pit Method

A

Used for calculating cut/fill in complex grading projects;

Involves a grid across the site, assigning an elevation to each point; spacing of grid contributes to accuracy

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4
Q

Standard sections in a technical specification

A

General - basic scope of work
Product - specific materials and manufacturing or fabrication processes
Execution - actual means of preparing, installing or constructing, and quality or performance requirements

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5
Q

AASHTO

A

American Association of State Highway and transportation Officials - creates standards for public roadway construction

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6
Q

NFPA

A

National Fire Protection Association

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7
Q

ACI

A

American Concrete institution

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8
Q

CSI

A

Construction Specifications Institute (creates master format)

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9
Q

Master Format

A 
01 - Gen Requirements
02- Existing Conditions
03- Concrete
04- Masonry
05- Metals
06- Wood, plastics, composites
07- Moisture/thermal protection
08- Openings
09- Finishes
10- Specialties
11 - Equipment
12 -Furnishings
31 - Earthwork
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10
Q

Strategies for improving site safety

A 
Improve visibility
Design for natural surveillance
promote positive image of site
multiple access points
perceived ownership of site
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11
Q

Observation well

A

Slotted or screened tube or pipe in an infiltration trench to allow operator to check conditions

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12
Q

Recharge trench

A

placed downhill of a vegetated filter strip; linear trench filled with gravel, lined with filter fabric, including sand filter or filter fabric

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13
Q

Snap ties

A

used to hold formwork together while concrete is being poured; designed to break away after formwork is removed; can remain inside concrete to provide reinforcement

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14
Q

Level spreader

A

distributes stormwater over a wide area

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15
Q

Filter strips

A

filter sediments from stormwater, improve water quality, treat sheet flows

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16
Q

How to rehabilitate compacted soils

A

determine if compaction is located in surface or subsoil; amend soils with organic matter

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17
Q

Asphalt treated base

A

used in construction in wet or freezing conditions; prevents infiltration into fines of subgrade; 3x as strong as untreated base (crushed rock) so base layer can be 1/3 the depth

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18
Q

Invert elevation of a pipe

A

the distance between the bottom of the interior of the pipe and the surface of the ground.

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19
Q

Bioengineering

A

using plant material (such as live stakes) to restore eroded stream banks and stabilize soils, reducing sediment deposition and erosion in waterways

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20
Q

countersinking

A

having a conical hole so a bolt or screw top is flush with the material surface

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21
Q

Ledger

A

component of a deck - a board that supports joists and transfers loads from deck to structure to which it is attached

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22
Q

Site protection plan

A

protects natural resources on a site, sensitive areas on or adjacent and downstream or site, and complies with local laws and codes; includes tree protection, materials salvage, site access, erosion control and noise control

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23
Q

Connected imperviousness

A

Runoff drains directly from impervious surfaces to drainageways

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24
Q

Disconnected imperviousness

A

Runoff drains from impervious surfaces to previous like grass, resulting in more infiltration and better water quality

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25
Ideal buffer around urban streams
25 ft undisturbed forest, plus 50-100 feet of managed vegetated area
26
Schematic design for stormwater key points
Slow runoff velocities to pre development conditions Try to remove impervious surfaces from drainage pathways Place development away from drainage ways, step slopes, complex plant communities and porous soils
27
Factors that effect stormwater velocity
Surface friction, surface shape, slope
28
Best place for impervious surfaces and pavement in stormwater design
High points, like along ridges
29
Type of storm that major anf minor flood protection systems are designed for
100 year, 24 hour design storm - major system | 2, 5 or 10 year 1 hour design storm - minor system
30
ADA hand rail height
34-38"
31
Guard rail heigh
42" minimum
32
Surface albedo
measure of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation off a surface; black surfaces have albedo of 0; a surface that reflects all radiation would have an albedo of 1
33
Cribbing
walls placed in a series perpendicular to water flow to intercept stormwater running down a slope and trap sediment.
34
Benefits of compost blankets
Reduces soil erosion on slopes (usually up to 2:1), slows flow of stormwater, reduces peak flow, traps moisture and protects seeds to stimulate plant growth, reduces sediment and nutrients in stormwater, stimulates microbial activity which increases organic matter in soil and improved soil structure
35
Hydrograph
a graph showing the rate of flow versus time past a specific point in a river or stormwater system, usually expressed in cubic feet per second
36
Discharge
Rate if runoff flow, volume traveling at a particular velocity, expressed in cubic feet or cubic meters per second. Equal to velocity times area of flow
37
Volume of flow
Discharge times length of time, expressed in cubic feet or acre feet
38
Hydrograph
Summary of stormwater flows, record of flow rates at a particular location over a given time. Can be a tabular form or a graph plot (discharge vs. Time). The area under the plotted curve is the total volume of flow for the plot period.
39
Peak rate of flow
Top of the hydrograph, occurs when flow consists of one drop of water from every point in the watershed
40
Minor stormwater system
Designed to reduce inconvenience of 2, 5 or 10 year storms. Includes storm sewers and roadside swales. Maybe designed using rational method (storm sewrs) or SCS runoff method (overland systems)
41
Major stormwayer system
Pay that runoff takes when minor system is overwhelmed. May be designed or natural. Examples are emergency spillways, and floodwaters. Designed for 100 year storm, typically using SCS runoff method.
42
Time to concentration
Time water takes to flow from the most distant point in a watershed to its outlet
43
Isohyetal map
Maps of design rainfall depths for the entire US produced in 1961
44
Steel formula
Method for calculating rainfall intensity from the design storm and region of the US, used with the rational method
45
Manning Kinematic Solution
Formula used to calculate sheet flow
46
SCS runoff curve number method
Used for radials between 1 and 12" | Watersheds under 20 sq miles
47
In wood construction, a short part loaded to failure will...
Crush
48
A beam subjected to compressive force will exhibit tensile stress once the forces pass through the...
Neutral axis
48
A beam subjected to compressive force will exhibit tensile stress once the forces pass through the...
Neutral axis
49
Bituminous surface treatment
Or chip seal. Aggregate in asphalt binder used to reseal asphalt concrete pavement or to page low traffic roads.
49
Bituminous surface treatment
Or chip seal. Aggregate in asphalt binder used to reseal asphalt concrete pavement or to page low traffic roads.
50
To remain durable all layers of asphalt pavement must be....
Compacted
51
How much does a cubic for of concrete weigh?
150 lbs
52
Number of reinforcing bars refers to diameter in what unit?
Eighth inches
53
Purpose of welded mesh wire in concrete is to..
Reduce cracking
54
What is used to reduce displacement in concrete slabs?
Doweled joints
55
How far apart can expansion joints be in concrete slabs?
2-3 times in feet the depth of the slab in inches
56
Reaction when external force is applied to an element causing it to bend
Bending moment
57
Gravity retaining wall
Rely on mass to resist pressure and may lean back toward retained soil. Small walls may not require mortar or a footing
58
Crib wall
Made of cells built log cabin style from pre ast concrete or timber filled with granular material
59
Gabion
Steal basket filled with rocks
60
Cantilevered retaining wall
Made of reinforced cast in place concrete, or mortared masonry, shaped like an inverted T. Transfers horizontal pressure to vertical pressure.
61
Counterforted retaining wall
A cantilevered wall with buttresses on the back of the wall.
62
Horizontal force of soil against retaining walls
Lateral earth pressure
63
Ingredients of brick border
Sand, cement, water, lime
64
Efflorescence
Migration of salt to the surface of a porous material
65
The types of retaining wall failure
Sliding, buckling, overturning
66
What does a key in a retaining wall footing do?
Increases footing bearing area
67
Board foot
Measure of volume of a board, equal to a board that is 1foot wide, 1 foot long and 1 inch thick
68
Lag bolt
Larger head than normal screw, can support heavier load
69
Azimuth
Angle from north, measured clockwise, north is 0 degrees, south is 180 degrees
70
Townships
36 square miles, measured on lines called baselines and meridians
71
Stadia method
Measures horizontal distance from the trains of a stadia rod, with the formula ``` Distance = (difference in stadia readings) x K + C K = constant that is usually 100 C = usually zero ```
72
Plane surveying
Determines elevations from a benchmark and a survey instrument placed between the benchmark elevation and the unknown elevation. Backsight is the reading from the instrument to the benchmark. Foresight is the measurement to the unknown elevation.
73
Lux
Measure of light intensity within a specific area, or light cast on a surface. Equal to lumens per square meter.
74
Lumen
Total visible light emitted from a light source.
75
Watts vs amps vs voltss
Watts = amps x volts Amps is like volume of electric current Volts is speed at which electric current passes a point Watts is the power that is generated
76
ASTM soil classification system groups soils according to ...
Bearing capacity
77
Tack coat
Emulsified asphalt used to bond two asphalt courses
78
Wythe
A continuous vertical section of masonry that is one unit thickness
79
Concrete block wall design
Depth to bottom off footing should be minimum of 2 feet, and below the frost line Length of footing should be 50% total wall height (including height of footing)
80
Control joints
Prevent cracking due to contraction/shrinkage
81
Minimum wheelchair clearance width
36"
82
Stadia method
D = 100 x difference in stadia readings + constant (usually 0)
83
Rational method formula
Q = KCiA Used to calculate peak discharge of runoff on urban areas. Q peak discharge of runoff in square feet per second K constant (1 in US units) C runoff coefficient (runoff/rainfall) I rainfall intensity at time of concentration (calculated using steel formula) A watershed area in acres
84
Manning formula
Calculates water flow through conveyance structures (pipes, swales) Q = VA ``` Q = discharge in cubic feet/second V = velocity A = area of cross section of water flow ```
85
Hydrlologic Soil groups and runoff production
Type A is most pervious | Type D is least pervious (most clay content) and produces most runoff
86
Calculation for wetted perimeter in channel flow
R = A/P ``` R= hydraulic radius (in feet) A= cross sectional area in square feet P= wetted perimeter ```
87
Sheet flow is most likely to occur in..
Uppermost headwater area of a watershed
88
Minimum width for handicap parking stall
12'
89
Soil structure
Arrangement of the solid parts of soil and the space between them major types are platy, prismatic, columnar, granular, blocky
90
Nutrients in fertilizer
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium NPK 10-20-20 represents percentage by weight of each nutrient
91
Adding sulfur to soil is used to...
Increase soil acidity
92
Space required for tennis courts
120' x 60' | Actual court dimensions are 78' x 36'
93
Footcandle
One lumen per square foot
94
Footcandle
One lumen per square foot
95
Average end area formula
Sections are cut through a site and their square footage of cut and fill are calculated
96
Concrete cement weight per cubic foot
150 lbs
97
Concrete cement weight per cubic foot
150 lbs
98
Natural gas lines cannot be placed kn the same trench as
Electric or telephone lines
99
Refusal in soil engineering
Point when a pile cannot be driven farther into the ground (hard soil or rock is encountered)
99
Refusal in soil engineering
Point when a pile cannot be driven farther into the ground (hard soil or rock is encountered)
100
Sprinklee heads should be spaced..
The radius of the throw
101
Land subsidence
Sinking or settling of land, often because groundwater is depleted

Landscape Architecture Registration Exam (2 decks)

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