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Gastroenterology > Large Bowel > Flashcards

Large Bowel Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Microscopic colitis biopsy findings

A

lymphocytic or collagenous colitis

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2
Q

Layers of the bowel impacted by UC (2)

A

mucosa
submucosa

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3
Q

Chemo for colorectal cancer

A

FOLFOX

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4
Q

Components of FOLFOX (3)

A

5-fluorouracil
leucovorin
oxaliplatin

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5
Q

Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2)

A

ciprofloxacin + metronidazole

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6
Q

IBS-C fiber recommendations

A

increase intake

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7
Q

IBS-D fiber recommendations

A

decreased intake

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8
Q

Rome IV IBS criteria

A

1) symptoms lasting at least 6 months
2) occurring at least 1 day/week
3) for the past 3 months

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9
Q

Chronic diarrhea duration

A

> 4 wks

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10
Q

Serum ferritin indicative of anemia in chronic disease

A

> 100

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11
Q

Number of recurrences to consider FMT

A

2-3

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12
Q

Success rate of FMT

A

> 90%

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13
Q

Polyp size to use snare polypectomy

A

< 1 cm

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14
Q

Components for Mayo score (4)

A

stool frequency
rectal bleeding
endoscopic findings
physician global assessment

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15
Q

Mayo score

A

Stool Frequency:
0: Normal
1: 1-2 stools more than normal
2: 3-4 stools more than normal
3: ≥5 stools more than normal

Rectal Bleeding:
0: None
1: Streaks of blood in stool
2: Obvious blood in stool
3: Passing blood alone

Endoscopic Findings:
0: Normal or inactive disease
1: Mild disease (erythema, decreased vascular pattern, mild friability)
2: Moderate disease (marked erythema, lack of vascular pattern, friability)
3: Severe disease (spontaneous bleeding, large ulcers)

Physician’s Global Assessment:
0: Normal
1: Mild disease
2: Moderate disease
3: Severe disease

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16
Q

Polyp size that EMR is indicated

A

> /= 2 cm

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17
Q

Diagnosis of toxic megacolon

A

colonic dilation > 6 cm on x-ray w/ systemic toxicity

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18
Q

Toxic megacolon treatment

A

IV steroids
cipro + flagyl
surgery if no improvement in 24-48 hours

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19
Q

UC vs Crohn’s histology

A

UC - crypt abscesses, mucosal inflammation
Crohn’s - noncaseating granulomas, transmural inflammation

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20
Q

FAP surgical management

A

colectomy by age 25 if multiple polyps

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21
Q

Genetic testing for Lynch Syndrome (3)

A

MLH1
MSH2
MSH6

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22
Q

Peutz-Jeghers genetic mutation

A

STK11 gene

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23
Q

TNF inhibitor indicated for FISTULIZING Crohn’s

A

infliximab (remicade)

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24
Q

FAP inheritance pattern

A

autosomal dominant

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25
Peutz-Jeghers inheritance pattern
autosomal dominant
26
FAP genetic mutation
APC
27
Test for chronic inflammation
ESR
28
Test for acute inflammation
CRP
29
Most common site of colonic neoplasms
descending colon
30
Absorption at transverse colon (3)
water electrolytes small-chain fatty acids
31
Chemo for CRC
FOLFOX
32
Risk factors for CRC (6)
age > 50 family hx IBD diet (high fat, low fiber) smoking EtOH
33
Bloody diarrhea (Crohn's or UC)
UC
34
Tenesmus (incomplete defecation), cramping, urgency (Crohn's or UC)
UC
35
Diverticulitis treatment w/ dose
cipro 500mg q12h + flagyl 500mg q8h
36
Dietary change for IBS-C
increase fiber intake
37
Dietary change for IBS-D
decrease fiber intake
38
Rome IV criteria for IBS diagnosis (3)
1 day/wk for 3 months 6 months total
39
Duration of symptoms to classify chronic diarrhea
> 4 wks
40
Fecal calprotectin level to distinguish IBD from IBS
> 50 mcg/g
41
Rectal cancer risks (3)
age > 50 family hx chronic inflammatory conditions
42
Pouchitis treatment (2)
flagyl 500mg TID + cipro 500mg BID
43
Dilation indicative of toxic megacolon
> 6 cm
44
Duration of C diff treatment
10 days
45
Treatment options and dose for C diff (2)
fidaxomicin 200mg BID (PREFERRED) vancomycin 125mg QID
46
Preferred treatment of C diff
fidaxomicin 200mg BID
47
Reason fidaxomicin is preferred over vans for C diff
lower recurrence rates
48
Useful lab in early diagnosis of IDA
reticulocyte hemoglobin content
49
CRC staging (0-4)
0 - confined to mucosa 1 - into mucosa and musculature 2 - through muscular into peri colorectal tissue 3 - regional lymph nodes 4 - distant mets
50
CRC stage 0
confined to mucosa
51
CRC stage I
into mucosa and musculature
52
CRC stage II
through muscular into peri colorectal tissue
53
CRC stage III
regional lymph nodes
54
CRC stage IV
distant mets
55
UC histologic findings (2)
crypt abscesses mucosal inflammation
56
Crohn's histologic findings (2)
non-caseating granulomas transmural inflammation
57
UC complications (2)
CRC toxic megacolon
58
Crohn's complications (4)
perianal disease strictures fistulas malabsorption
59
Classes of medication for constipation treatment (5)
1) fiber 2) osmotic laxatives: PEG, magnesium oxide, lactulose 3) stimulant laxatives: bisacodyl, sodium picosulphate, Senna 4) secretagogues: lubiprostone, linaclotide, plecanatide 5) 5-HT4 agonist: prucalopride
60
Osmotic laxatives (3)
PEG magnesium oxide lactulose
61
Stimulant laxatives (3)
bisacodyl sodium picosulphate Senna
62
Secretagogues laxatives (3)
lubiprostone linaclotide plecanatide
63
5-HT4 agonist for constipation treatment (1)
prucalopride
64
Polyp follow-up intervals (hyperplasticity, tubular, villous/high-grade)
hyperplastic: 10 yrs tubular: 5-10 villous/high-grade: 3
65
FAP colectomy age
before 25
66
Genes associated w/ Lynch syndrome (3)
MLH1 MSH2 MSH6

Gastroenterology (14 decks)

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