Large Intestine

Question 1

Where does the large intestine extend from?

Answer 1

ileocecal junction to anus

Question 2

How long is the large intestine?

Answer 2

1.5 m

Question 3

What is primary function of the large intestine?

Answer 3

convert liquid contents of the ileum into semisolid feces by absorbing water
also involved in sythesis of vitamins requiring bacterial action like vitamin k (blood clotting)

Question 4

What is the large intestine made up of?

Answer 4

cecum
appendix
colon
rectum and anal canal

Question 5

What is the cecum?

Answer 5

blind pouch found below ileocecal junction

Question 6

What does the ileal fold do?

Answer 6

prevent backflow of feces into small intestine

Question 7

What does the ileal fold surround?

Answer 7

ileal orifice

Question 8

What does the ileal fold make when it fuses together?

Answer 8

frenula

Question 9

What is the appendix?

Answer 9

narrow muscular tube which contain lymphoid tissue in its walls

Question 10

Where does the appendix rise from?

Answer 10

posteromedial aspect of cecum and attaches to mesentery of ileum by mesoappendix

Question 11

What is the most common position of the appendix?

Answer 11

retrocecal

Question 12

What is the second most common position of the appendix?

Answer 12

pelvic

Question 13

What does the colon consist of?

Answer 13

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

Question 14

What does the ascending colon run from?

Answer 14

ileocecal junction to right colic flexure

Question 15

What does the transverse colon run from?

Answer 15

right colic flexure to left colic flexure

Question 16

What does the descending colon run from?

Answer 16

left colic flexure to pelvic brim

Question 17

What does the sigmoid colon run from?

Answer 17

pelvic brim to front of sacrum where it becomes rectum

Question 18

cecum and appendix are intraperatoneal?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

ascending and descending colon are retroperitoneal?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

transverse and sigmoid colon lie within the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

What are taeniae coli?

Answer 21

three narrow longitudinal bands of muscle seen most prominently in cecum and ascending colon

Question 22

What is haustra of colon?

Answer 22

sacculations or outpounchings of the colon

Question 23

What is omental appendices?

Answer 23

small masses of fat which are covered with visceral peritoneum which extend from colon

Question 24

What is the rectum and anal canal?

Answer 24

terminal portion of large intestine

Question 25

What is the blood supply to the small and large intestine?

Answer 25

superior and inferior mesenteric artery

Question 26

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 26

``` inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Jejunal and Ileal arteries Ileocolic artery Right colic artery Middle colic artery ```

Question 27

What does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supply?

Answer 27

pancreas and distal part of duodenum

Question 28

What does the Jejunal and ileal arteries supply?

Answer 28

jejunum and ileum

Question 29

What does the ileocolic artery supply?

Answer 29

ascending colon, cecum, and appendix

Question 30

What does the right colic artery supply?

Answer 30

ascending colon

Question 31

What does the middle colic artery supply?

Answer 31

transverse colon

Question 32

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 32

left colic artery sigmoid arteries superior rectal artery

Question 33

What does the left colic artery supply?

Answer 33

descending colon

Question 34

What does the sigmoid arteries supply?

Answer 34

sigmoid colon

Question 35

What does the superior rectal artery supply?

Answer 35

rectum and upper part of anal canal

Question 36

What is so special about the marginal artery?

Answer 36

anastomotic channel which helps prevent bowel infarction because it connects to all the branches and allows astigmatic circulation

Question 37

What is the vasa recta?

Answer 37

straight terminal branches from marginal artery to large intestine

Question 38

What is the innervation of the large intestine for the cecum and right 2/3 of transverse colon?

Answer 38

autonomic fibers from superior mesenteric plexus

Question 39

What is the innervation of the large intestine for the left 1/3 of transverse colon to upper part of anal canal?

Answer 39

autonomic fibers from inferior mesenteric plexus and hypogastric plexus