Last Minute 2 Flashcards
(89 cards)
Posterior hip dislocation vs Anterior hip dislocation vs. Hip fracture
Posterior: shortened, internally rotated
Anterior: lengthened, externally rotated
Fracture: shortened, externally rotated
Rx acute Meniere disease? Ongoing Rx?
Benzos, anticholinergics (scopolamine) and antihistamines (meclizine or dimenhydrinate)
Diuretics for ongoing
Cholinergic crisis?
SLUDG - excessive salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI activity, pinpoint pupils, decreased HR
Anticholinergic crisis?
Blind as a bat Hot as a hare Mad as a hatter Dry as a bone Red as a beet Dilated pupils Increased HR
Sympathomimetics?
HTN Tachycardia Anxiety Dilated pupils Diaphoresis Possible AMS
Diagnose Cushing syndrome.
- 24-hour measurement of free urine cortisol (abnormally elevated) OR dexamethasone suppression test (cortisol not appropriately suppressed)
- ACTH (elevated in Cushing disease, decreased with adrenal adenoma)
Diagnose hypoadrenalism (Addison disease).
- ACTH stimulation test -> measure plasma cortisol, give ACTH, remeasure cortisol in 1 hour (should rise appropriately)
Dx central vs. nephrogenic DI
Give ADH and measure urine Osms
Central - UOsm increases
Nephrogenic - UOsm remains inappropriately dilute
Main cause of duodenal vs. gastric ulcer?
Duodenal - H. pylori
Gastric - NSAIDs
Ulcer that gets better with eating vs. worse?
Duodenal gets better with eating
Gastric gets worse or no change
Gold standard diagnostic study for PUD? Cheaper/less invasive?
Gold standard - endoscopy (if done, biopsy required for gastric ulcer)
Cheaper/less invasive - upper GI barium study
Best first imaging study for suspected gallbladder disease? Next step if uncertain?
U/A; HIDA
Remember that ___ can cause increased amylase and lipase levels.
Perforated bowel
Management of suspected cardiac tamponade?
If stable - echo first
If unstable - pericardiocentesis
Most common cause of immediate death after an automobile accident or a fall from a great height?
Aortic rupture
What are the 3 zones of the neck?
I - base of the neck from 2 cm above the clavicles to the level of the clavicles
II - midcervical region from 2 cm above the clavicle to the angle of the mandible
III - top of the neck fro m the angle of the mandible to the base of the skull
Management of Zone I and III injuries?
Arteriogram before OR UNLESS obvious bleeding or rapidly expanding hematoma
Management of Zone II injury?
OR right away
Buccal smear with absent Barr bodies
Turner syndrome
Work-up for secondary amenorrhea?
- R/o pregnancy
- Progesterone challenge (if normal, indicates sufficient estrogen)
- LH level (if high -> PCOS?) FSH level (if estrogen insufficient; if high -> premature ovarian failure, if normal -> MRI brain)
- Prl and TSH
- GnRH levels
Teardrop-shaped RBCs
Myelofibrosis
Acanthocytes (irregularly spiculated cells) and spur cells
Abetalipoproteinemia
Target cells
Thalassemia (Hgb C disease)
Liver disease
Echinocytes (burr cells)
Uremia
