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Pharmacology Basic Principles > Last misc. chunk > Flashcards

Last misc. chunk Flashcards

1
Q

Antihistamines to reduce gastric acid

A

Cimetidine, famotidin, ranitidine, nizatidine

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2
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

Esomeprazole - inhibits gastric parietal cell proton pump, useful in gastric and duodenal ulcers, severe gastroesophageal disease, zollinger-ellison syndrom. Alos lazoprazole, pantoprazole, omeprazol (prilosec) and rabeprazole.

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3
Q

Somatistatin analog to inhibit gastric secretion

A

Octreotide

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4
Q

Mechanical barrier protection in the treatment of ulcers

A

Bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-bismol), Prostaglandins, misoprostol (DOC for ulcers from NSAIDs)

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5
Q

Control gastric motility

A

Metoclopramide (increases resting tone of lower esophageal sphincter, strong anti-emetic)

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6
Q

Emetic agents

A

Ipecac syrup, apomorphine

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7
Q

Anti-emetic agents

A

5-HT antagonists - ondansetron, granisetron.
Neurokinin receptor antagonist - aprepritant
Prochlorperazine, trimethobenzimide, metochlopramide

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8
Q

Laxatives

A

Irritants/stimulants - castor oil, emodin alkaloids, diphenylmethanes.
Bulking - magnesium sulfate (epsom salts), magnesium hydroxide, lactulos, sorbitol, hydrophilic colloid (psyllium seed)
Softeners - mineral oil, glycerin

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9
Q

Antidiarrheal agents

A

opiates, diphenoxylate and atropine, loperamide (Imodium)

Absorbent powders - Kaolin, pectin, bismuth subsalicylate (pepto)

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10
Q

Immunosuppressive actions of corticosteriods

A

Inhibit production of IL-1, 2, 4 and TNF-alpha reduces cytokine-induced inflammation.
Inhibit T-cell proliferation, monocyte and macrophage activation, neutophil chemotaxis, and PLA2 and COX2

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11
Q

Calcineurin-inhibiting agents

A

Cyclosporin, tacrolimus (non-antibiotic macrolid) bind cyclophilins or FKBP leading to reduced IL-2 transcription. Act primarily on helper T-cells.
Nephrotoxicity

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12
Q

Non-calcineurin-inhibiting agents

A

Sirolimus (rapamycin) is another non-antibiotic macrolide. interferes with signal transduction after IL-2 signalling. mTOR is inhibited T cell arrests in G1. Sirolimus eluting stents to prevent restenosis in coronary artery disease.

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13
Q

Anti-metabolites

A

Azathioprine - 6-mercaptopurine
Methotrexate - binds dihydrofolate reductase
Mycophenolate mofetil - lymphocyte specific guanosine depletion.
Leflunomide - pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor

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14
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Cyclophosphamide - bladder toxicity, to treat severe, life-threatening autoimmune and inflammatory diseases

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15
Q

Biologics - lymphocyte

A

antithymocyte globulin
muromonab
rhogam

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16
Q

Biologics - anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents

A

adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept (fusion protein)

17
Q

Anti-cytokine ab

A

daclizumab, basiliximab

18
Q

co-stimulation inhibitors

A

abatacept, belatacept

19
Q

complement inhibition (C5)

A

eculizumab

20
Q

anti-tumor ab

A

alemtuzumab (b cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
cetuximab (colorectal and head/neck cancer)
Bevacizumab (VEGF blocker)
Rituximab (lymphomas and leukemias

21
Q

Prostaglandin pharmacological agents

A

Alprostadil (PGE1 - vasodilation, treats impotence when injected)
Misoprostol (PGE1 - pregnancy termination with mifepristone)
PGE2 and PGF2alpha with oxytocin to induce labor
Prostacyclin - pulmonary hypertension
Epoprostenol (PGE2) - pulmonary hypertension
Latanoprost

22
Q

cholchicin

A

binds to tubulin in leukocytes reducing mobility, oral administration, acute gout when nsaids don’t works.
Untoward effects - GI disturbance, hair loss, marrow depression, peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, etc.

23
Q

Allopurinol

A

Inhibits xanthine oxidase - less urate more xanthin, given chronically to prevent attacks but is of no use for acute attacks, may precipitate gout on first administration
causes allergic skin reactions, exacerbate marrow depression from 6-MP

24
Q

Probenecid

A

Inhibits urate reabsorbtion in distal tubules, interferes with OATs, well tolerated but for allergic dermatitis and rarely aplastic anemia

25
Q

Bethamethason

A

Fetal lung maturation

26
Q

Short acting beta2 agonists

A

albuterol, levalbuteral, pirbuteral

27
Q

Long acting beta2 agonists

A

formoterol, salmeterol, olodaterol

28
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids

A

Beclomethasin, trimacinolone, budesonide, flunisolide, ciclesonide

29
Q

IgE antibody

A

Omalizumab - injection

Pharmacology Basic Principles (11 decks)

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