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Bio 181 > Last Quiz !!! > Flashcards

Last Quiz !!! Flashcards

1
Q

Taxon

A

One branch of the tree

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2
Q

Root

A

Common ancestor

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3
Q

Basal taxon

A

First branch to Leave

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4
Q

Sister taxa

A

Two taxons closely branched together

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5
Q

Polytomy

A

Multiple branches offs at one, generally little is known about order or time (2+)

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6
Q

Levels of classification

A

Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

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7
Q

Domain knowledge

A

Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes

Archaea have intron splicing
Bacteria do not

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8
Q

Kingdom differences

A

Plants have a cell wall
Cellulose
Photosynthesis

Fungi have a cell wall
Kyten
Decomposed

Animal

No cell wall
Consumers

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9
Q

Nomenclature

A

Binomial names

1st name genus
2bd name species epithet

1st cap 2nd low
Must by italicized or underlined
1st can be one letter

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10
Q

Phylogenies or cladistics

A

Cladogram = phylogenetic tree

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11
Q

Clade

A

Everything that comes off the branch
The common ancestor and all their prodigy

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12
Q

Exaptation

A

A secondary purpose to a first purpose

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13
Q

Paraphyly / polyphyly

A

Incorrect clade based on análogos structures

Paraphyl ( missing part)
Polyphyl (missing multiple parts)
Mono phyl is correct

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14
Q

Different trees

A

Tree of life is verticle passing of traits normal

Web of life is horizontal passing of traits

Ring of life everything is related for a while

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15
Q

Horizontal gene transfer

A

Can happen in both pro and eu

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16
Q

Transduction

A

Horizontal movement in prokaryotes using a bacteriophage (viral infection)

17
Q

Transformation

A

Prokary
Horizontal

Up take or eaten ie phago

18
Q

Conjugation

A

Aye papa
69
Prokary
Horizontal gene transfer

19
Q

Genome fusion

A

Mitochondria and chloroplast bacteria were taken up by eukaryotes to create new organelles

Symbiotic

Grabbed in side transfer

20
Q

Jumping genes

A

Genes jump around from chromosome to chromosome and the into other cells taking with it dna

Eukaryotes horizontal

21
Q

Food horizontal gene transfer

A

Through the food that we ate genetic changes the genes

Aphids Turing red

22
Q

1st step

A

First evidences of life found
4 billion years ago

23
Q

Step 0

A

Formation of the earth
4.5 billion years ago

Nebula turns into nuclear fusion turning into the sun

Dust collects and make planets

Acetrion occurs when planets run into Escher and the last one to hit earth formed the moon

24
Q

Opera / haldae

A

Earths atmosphere was reducing not oxidizing
And very different

25
Q

Earths early atmosphere

A

Water vapor
Nitrogen
Nitrogen oxides
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Ammonia
Hydrogen
Hydrogen sulfide

All inorganic

26
Q

Urey miller

A

1953 and all in 2008
Heated up

H2O
CH4
NH3
H2

First heated it up and created an atmosphere

Then sparked the water vapor with electrodes

Then cooled done and condensed
Which then ran off into a collecting tank

And we’re able to form all of the amino acids (organic compounds)

27
Q

How were the rest the aa forms

A

Through volcanoes 🌋 yay

28
Q

How to go from monomer to polymer

A

If they were put into clay they would polymerise on their own faster then when they are on their own

29
Q

Chicken or the egg

A

RNA came first because it can also act as an enzyme and a genetic material

DNA would follow then
Proteins

30
Q

Where and what energy did life form

A

Themal vents on the ocean floor
Vraught energy there and because it was safe from barrages and surface craziness life was able to form there in an aqueous solution

31
Q

How cell forms

A

Lipids make Micelles and then liposomes
Which have double layer sheets

Aqueous outside
Aqueous inside

32
Q

Important dates

A

4.5 billion earth forms
4 billion prokaryote life is detected
(Stromatolites show evidence of bacteria phosals)

3.2 billion years the first photosynthesis starting
Starting the oxygen revaluation
Lots of rust in rocks
Causes many to extinct

2.3 billion years
First eukaryotes form
Which start single cell but then eventually got to multi-cell either by their own cells or lots of cells in a single area

Bio 181 (12 decks)

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