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Radiology -Scott Newman > Last section > Flashcards

Last section Flashcards

1
Q

In order to take a skull radiograph you need

A

general anesthesia
+/- remove ET tube
symmetry is key

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2
Q

Skull rad. views & where to measure

A

Lateral- measure highest point of zygomatic arch

V/D & D/V measure at highest point of cranium

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3
Q

Rostrocaudal: frontal sinus

A

dorsal recumbency with nose pointing at the tube
include entire forehead
beam should be centered through the front sinus

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4
Q

Rostrocaudal: Cranium

A

similar to caudal but nose is angled slightly dorsal towards belly
beam centered at midpoint between eyes

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5
Q

V/D Open mouth: Nasal cavity

A

maxilla parallel to cassette
mandible is as perpendicular as possible
beam centered through the level of the 3rd upper premolar

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6
Q

Rostrocaudal open mouth

A

Dorsal recumbency with the nose pulled cranial and mandible pulled caudal

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7
Q

Maxilla

A

Sternal recumbency
head in line with spine
corner of film inserted in mouth

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8
Q

Mandible

A

Similar to maxilla

dorsal recumbency

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9
Q

When to take a dental rad

A 
Metabolic disease or neoplasia suspected 
Partially erupted or missing teeth
Periodontal disease
Extractions
Oral trauma
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10
Q

Dental units

A

inexpensive
flexible head and joint extension arm
Can be used for more than dental rads
kVp and mA are usually fixed and time is adjustable

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11
Q

Most common dental film

A

D and E

D is 2x faster than E

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12
Q

Maxillary rads

A

sternal or lateral

film placed between tongue and maxilla

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13
Q

Mandibular rads

A

dorsal or lateral

film between tongue and mandible

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14
Q

Bisecting angle technique

A

betermine the plane of the tooth root & the plane of the film
estimate half the distance between the two and position the beam 90 degrees to that point
sternal or dorsal

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15
Q

Parallel technique

A

shooting film parallel to x-ray tube

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16
Q

“chair side” developer

A

dip in developer until color change evident
dip in wash 5 times
fix for 10 min. (clearing time 20sec)
rinse 20-30 min.

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17
Q

5 views of cervical spine

A 
Lateral
V/D
Flexed
Extended
Hyper extended
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18
Q

Contrast medium

A

substance used to increase radiographic contrast

can be + or -

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19
Q

Barium sulfate

A

Positive contrast

only used in GI tract

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20
Q

Iodine based

A

Positive contrast
fill or outline hollow organs
Inj. into blood vessel or oral

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21
Q

Water soluble iodine base

A

Contraindicated for myography

Used when perforation is suspected

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22
Q

Oily viscous agents

A

Lymphography

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23
Q

Negative contrast

A 
Radioleucent
Increases contrast between tissue
Pneumoperitineal studies 
CO2, O2, N20 
CO2 preferred
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24
Q

Double contrast

A

Can use both + and - material at the same time

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25
Survey film
Taken before the special procedure
26
Zero min. film
taken immediately after contrast material is given
27
Non-sequential studies
Must take survey and 0 min. film
28
Sequential studies
GI studies series of films movement involved taken at 0,30,60,90 min.
29
Esophagography
``` + contrast given orally Megaesophagus dx non-sequential Include entire esophagus Lateral view ```
30
UGI study
``` + contrast Dx obstruction Sequential: 0,15,30, 60 & 90 min. Barium 12-24 fast & enema ```
31
LGI study
+, -, or double contrast into rectum, colon and secum 12-24hr. fast and enema Anesthesia recommended
32
Gastrography
+,-, or double contrast non-sequential 12-24 hour fast
33
Excretory urography
``` + contrast only admin IV survey film 12-24 hour fast have crash cart ready ```
34
Nephrogram
excretory urography | renal vasculature of kidneys
35
Pyelogram
excretory urography | eval of kidney structures
36
Cystography
``` Dx tumor, stones, bladder rupture +,- or double non-sequential sedation recommended 12-24 hour fast and enema ```
37
Urethography
Retrograde- blocked tom balloon tipped cath in urethra admin from urethra up to bladder Antegrade- tumors from bladder to the outside
38
Myelography
+ contrast only non-sequential sterile anesthesia required
39
Pneumoperitoneography
- contrast only sedation recommended sterile can look at liver, spleen, stomach, distal colon, urinary bladder, uterus, abdominal wall
40
Arthrography
``` + or - contrast sterile, iodinated compound non-sequential sedation recommended look at joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage ```
41
Vaginography
``` Uncommon + contrast sterile iodinated contrast eval of morphology of vaginal vault and repro tract anesthesia required non-sequential ```
42
Sialography
``` + contrast sterile, iodinated contrast look at salivary ducts & glands anesthesia required non-sequential ```
43
Angiocardiography
vascular system of heart | + only
44
Angiography
entire vascular system | + only
45
Cholecystography
bile ducts and gallbladder | + most common
46
Lymphography
lymphatic system | H2O or Oily +
47
Fistulography
abdominal tract/opening | + or -
48
Fluoroscopy
"live" xrays used to study motion look at esophagus, upper and lower GI tract Anesthesia discouraged
49
CT
``` Computed Tomography Uses x-rays and computer to produce images that show anatomy in cross section can show masses in mediastinum and brain can use contrast agent anesthesia necessary ```
50
MRI
``` Magnetic Resonance Imaging does not use xrays uses magnets to align the atoms con use contrast agent cross section pictures anesthesia necessary more detailed than CT ```
51
Nuclear Scintigraphy
Radioactive material administered to pt. images provied less detail, but more physiological info the material emits gamma rays sedation necessary "biohazard" for 24-72 hours
52
PET scan
Postion Emission Tomography direct gamma rays admin. FDG (glucose)
53
Ultrasound
Used in vet med. since the 1980s Provides detailed info about organ structure Distinguishes between fluid and solid mass "real time" images ``` Fluid= black Solid= grey/white ```
54
Reverberation
Sound is redirected back to patient and received again by transducer air scatters sound
55
Echogenocity
how sensitive a substance is to sound increased= white (solid) decreased= black (fluids)
56
Different frequency probes can be used depending on ____
size of animal | depth of organ or area
57
Higher frequency probe
better for resolution and detail | decreased depth
58
Info needed on ultrasound
``` Name of pt. Name of owner date of scan area/object being scanned Scan plane ```
59
Saggital scan plane
cranial to caudal
60
Transverse scan plane
sideways

Radiology -Scott Newman (4 decks)

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