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Science 8th Grade > Laws of Motion > Flashcards

Laws of Motion Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Law of Inertia

A

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

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2
Q

What is a resistence to change

A

Inertia

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3
Q

What determines how much inertia an object has

A

The mass of an object

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4
Q

What 3 things does Newton’s 1st Law of Motion say

A
  • an object that is not moving, or is at rest, will stay at rest
  • an object that is moving, or in motion, will keep moving with the same velocity
  • unless an unbalanced force acts on the object
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5
Q

What is the Law of Acceleration

A

Newton’s 2nd law of motion

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6
Q

What is the equation for Newton’s 2nd Law

A

Force = mass * acceleration

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7
Q

When an unbalanced force is applied to a mass, it causes it to ________?

A

Accelerate

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8
Q

The smaller the force applied to a mass, the _______ the acceleration

A

smaller

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9
Q

The greater the force applied to a mass, the _______ the acceleration

A

greater

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10
Q

If the same force is applied to an object:
- a large mass will have a _____ acceleration
- a small mass will have a _____ acceleration

A
  • small acceleration
  • large acceleration
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11
Q

What is the Law of Action and Reaction

A

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

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12
Q

Every time there is an action force, there is also a reaction force that is equal in ______, and acts in ______ direction

A
  • size
  • opposite
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13
Q

Newton’s 3rd law states that forces must always occur in _______

A

pairs

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14
Q

An object at _______ stays at ______ & an object in _____ keeps moving with the same _____ unless an _____ force acts on it

A
  • Rest
  • Rest
  • Motion
  • Speed
  • Unbalanced
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15
Q

The amount of _____ needed to make an object change its _______ depends on the _____ of the object

A
  • Force
  • Direction
  • Mass
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16
Q

When one object exerts a _____ on a second object, the second object exerts an _____ and ______ force back on the first object.

A
  • Force
  • Equal
  • opposite
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17
Q

Friction is a _____ what moves in the opposite direction to movement

A
  • Force
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18
Q

What force moves in the opposite direction to movement

A

Friction

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19
Q

Friction requires at least ___ objects to be in _____

A
  • Two
  • Contact
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20
Q

True/False – Friction does not require two objects to be in contact

A

FALSE

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21
Q

Friction is affected by the type of ____ and how much _____ is used to _____ or ____ the object

A
  • Surface
  • Force
  • Push
  • Pull
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22
Q

_______ is a measure of how much input energy is lost as ______ during output. Example - light bulbs produce heat

A
  • Efficiency
  • Heat
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23
Q

Some force is ALWAYS lost due to ______.

A
  • Friction
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24
Q

Some _____ is ALWAYS lost due to friction.

A
  • Force
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25
Because of friction no machine is 100% ______
Efficient
26
Because of _____ no machine is 100% efficient
friction
27
What is the ratio for mechanical efficiency?
Output Work / Input Work * 100%
28
Force is measured in ______
Newtons
29
Mass is measured in _____
Grams
30
Acceleration is measured in _____
Meter per Second (m/s)
31
Motion is an object's change in _____ over time when compared to a reference point.
Position
32
Motion is an object's change in position over time when compared to a _____ point.
Reference
33
An object has motion becuase a ____ (a push or pull) is acting upon it
Force
34
______ is the rate at which an object moves
Speed
35
Speed is the rate at which an object ______
Moves
36
Speed does not have ______
Direction
37
Speed remains constant when you move the same distance over the same amount of _____
Time
38
Speed remains _____ when you move the same distance over the same amount of Time
Constant
39
Speed changes whenever you go _____ or _____
Faster or slower
40
What is the formula for speed?
distance / time
41
What are common units for speed?
m/s. km/hr
42
What is the definition of velocity?
speed of an object and the direction it is moving
43
_____ occurs any time an object moves with direction
Velocity
44
Velocity changes any time you ______ up, slow down or change ______
- Speed -Direction
45
______ changes any time you speed up, slow down or change dirction
Velocity
46
What is the formula for velocity?
(change in position) / (change in time) position can be direction and/or distance
47
What are common units for velocity?
km/hr. m/s
48
What is the definition for acceleration?
The rate at which velocity changes
49
Acceleration occurs during a ______ in velocity through speeding up, slowing down or changing direction
Change
50
When you move in a _____ you are constantly accelerating.
Circle
51
What is the formula for acceleration?
(final velocity - initial velocity) / time taken a = (vf - vi) / t
52
In _______, the word ______ has a different meaning that you may be familiar with.
Science Work
53
Formula for work:
Force * distance W= F * D
54
Unit for force
Newtons (N)
55
Unit for distance
Meters (M)
56
Unit for work
Newton meters
57
One newton•meter is _____ to one joule
Equal
58
Formula for power
Power = work/time
59
Unit for power
Watts (W)
60
Power is the _____ at which ____ is done
Rate Work
61
What is the formula for mechanical advantage?
Mechanical Advantage = Resistance Force / Effort Force
62
What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of a Lever?
Mechanical Advantage = length of effort arm / length of resistance arm
63
What is the formula for mechanical advantage of a pulley?
Count the number of rope segments which exert an upward force on the object being moved
64
What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle?
Mechanical Advantage = radius of wheel / radius of axle
65
What is the formula for the mechanical advantage of an inclined plan (includes wedge and screw)?
Mechanical Advantage = length of slope / height of slope
66
On an axis of motion graph Time is always plotted on the _____
X-axis
67
On an axis of motion graphic Distance is always plotted on the ——-
Y-axis
68
On a no movement graph If an object is not moving, it is represented by a _____ line
Horizontal
69
On a no movement graph If time is increasing, but the distance does not change…the object is at _____
Rest
70
On a constant speed graph If an object is moving at a constant speed, we see a _____ line
Diagonal
71
On a constant speed graph If the line moves upward, the object is moving at a constant speed _____ from the starting position
Away
72
On a constant speed graph If the line moves downward, the object is moving at a constant speed _____ the starting position
Toward
73
On a line of steepness graph The steepness of the line indicates the rate of ____
Speed
74
On a line steepness graph The _____ the line, the _____ the speed
Steeper Faster
75
Calculate speed by finding a single point on the graph Take the ____ and divide it by the _____
Distance Speed
76
In the equation for calculating speed The normal units for distance, speed and time are?
M, km M/s, km/hr Sec, min, hr
77
In the equation for calculating force The regular units for force, mass and acceleration are?
Newton (N) Kg M/s/s or m/s^2
78
In the equation for calculating work The standard units for work, force and distance are?
Joules (J) Newtons (N) Meters (m)
79
In the equation. For calculating power The standard units for work, power and time are?
Joules (J) Watts (W) Seconds (s)
80
The number of times a simple machine multiplies the effort force is called it’s _____
Mechanical advantage
81
Efficiency is impacted by how much ____ is lost during the output of a machine?
Heat (Energy)
82
The mechanical advantage of a machine is the number of times a machine increases the _____ applied by the machine
Output force
83
What is inertia?
Resistance to change
84
In order to increase the acceleration of an object, you must also increase the _____ you apply to the object
Force
85
The _____ an object has, the more force you must apply to move an object a certain distance at a certain acceleration
Mass
86
What additional piece of information do you need to know to calculate an object’s velocity?
Direction
87
What 3 things can occur for something to be considered acceleration?
- speeding up - slowing down - changing direction
88
In order for something to be considered scientifically work, the applied force on an object and the direction of the objects movement must be in the same _____?
Direction
89
Power is the _____ at which work is done
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