Laz Paper 6 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the A-J signs of liver failure?
- Asterixis/ Ascites
- Bruising
- Clubbing
- Dupuytren’s contracture
- Erythema (palmar)
- Fecor Hepatis
- Gynaecomastia
- Hepatitis
- Icterus (scleral)/ itching
- Jaundice
What is the sign on x-ray for hyper-expanded lungs?
>6 anterior ribs
What are the CHESS organisms?
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Haemorrhagic e.coli
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Salmonella
- Shigella
What is the gram stain of campylobacter jejuni?
Gram negative rod shaped
What is the management of campylobacter jejuni?
Self limiting, bed rest and oral rehydration
What is the gram stain of haemorrhagic e.coli (0157h7)?
Gram negative rod shaped
What is the management of haemorrhagic e.coli?
Azithromycin
What is the gram stain of salmonella?
Gram negative rods
What is the management of entamoeba histolytica?
Metronidazole
What is the management of salmonella?
Ciprofloxacin and azithromycin
What is the gram stain of shigella?
Gram negative rods
What is the management of shigella?
- Ampicillin/ amoxicillin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Azithromycin
What is the management of hyperkalaemia?
- 10ml 10% IV calcium gluconate
- 50ml 50% dextrose with 10U insulin
What is a tonic seizure?
When the patient goes completely stiff
What is a clonic seizure?
When the patient has involuntary muscle jerks
What is a myoclonic seizure?
A generalised seizure involving one/ two muscle groups that tends to occur when the individual has just woken up
What is an atonic seizure?
A seizure where the patient goes completely floppy
What is hepatopulmonary syndrome?
A rare complication of liver failure leading to pulmonary vasodilation due to the lack of vasodilatory factor clearance by the liver
Vasodilation increases the diffusion distance between the alveoli and RBCs and therefore leads to hypoxaemia, this tends to occur at lung bases and is therefore improved on lying flat
What is symbicort?
Budesonide (ICS) + Formoterol (LABA)
What is the triad of granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
- Glomerulonephritis
- Haemoptysis
- Epistaxis
What is the clinical difference between granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis?
Microscopic polyangiitis has skin involvement, whereas granulomatosis with polyangiitis does not
What is the triad in Behcet’s disease?
- Oral ulcers
- Genital ulcers
- Uveitis
What are the three phases of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
- Allergic phase
- Eosinophilic phase
- Vascular phase
Which organism most commonly causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
