Leader as a Change Agent Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the forces of change?
work force technology economic shocks competition social trends political trends
What is global competition doing?
Making it much harder to compete
different rules
fierce competition
What is it called when change is Incremental - Reactive
Adaptation
What is it called when change is Revolutionary - Reactive
Recreation
What is it called when change is Incremental - Anticipitory
Fine Tuning
What is it called when change is Revolutionary - Anticipatory
Transformation
What are some sources of Individual Resistance to Change?
habit security fear of the unknown economic factors selective information processing
What are some sources of Organizational Resistance to change?
- Structural Inertia
- Limited focus of change
- group inertia
- threats to expertise, power, relationships, and resource allocations
What are the 7 ways of Overcoming Resistance to Change?
Eric Plays Football. Not Many Can Sing
- education and communication
- participation
- facilitation and support
- negotiation
- manipulation and cooptation
- coercion
- selecting people who accept change
Lewin’s 3 Step Change Model
Unfreeze Status Quo
(cooperation between driving force and restraining forces)
Move to a new state
refreeze change
What is Organizational Development?
a collection of change methods that try to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being
goals and values
goals?
goals
improve org effectiveness
improve orgs capacity to solve own problems and change itself
What are the Organizational Values?
respect for people trust and support power sharing and participation openness to information confrontation
What are the common OD tecniques or interventions?
Survey Feedback Human Process Consultation / Team Building Intergroup Development Appreciative Inquiry Strategic Interventions
Human Process Consultation/Team Building
dealing with interpersonal problems and emphasizes involvement
enhance teams
Intergroup Development
increase cohesion among departments
job enrichment and self managing teams
employee empowerment
organization design
Appreciative Inquiry
AI seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization so members can build on to improve.
focuses on success rather than problems.
discovery, dream, design, destiny
Strategic Interventions
Organization transformation
Sstrategic alliances
What are some OD Application Issues?
- differences in Org culture
- Differences in national culture
- politics of change
- ethics of control
What is Action Research?
A change process based on systematic collection of data and then selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicates
What are the 5 steps in Action Research?
- Diagnosis
- Analysis
- Feedback
- Action
- Evaluation
What does action research benefit?
Problem-focused rather than solution-centered
Heavy employee involvement reduces resistance to change
What are the Traditional Change Methods?
Management initiated and controlled Problem focused Experts analyze and design solutions Doers implement solutions Rolled out as packaged change program Change is a discrete event.
What are the problems with Traditional Change methods?
conflict between experts and doers lack of employee buy-in too rigid, not adaptive limited learning may solve specific problems but doesn't improve organization's capacity to improve itself
