Leadership

Question 1

A part of trait theory that postulates that certain types of people will become leaders and certain types will not

Answer 1

Leader emergence

Question 2

The motivation to lead as a result of a desire to be in charge and lead others

Answer 2

Affective identity

motivation

Question 3

Those who seek leadership positions because they will result in personal gain

Answer 3

Noncalculative

motivation

Question 4

The desire to lead out of a sense of duty or responsibility

Answer 4

Social-normative

motivation

Question 5

A part of trait theory that postulates that certain types of people will be better leaders than will other types of people

Answer 5

Leader performance

Question 6

A personality trait characterized by the tendency to adapt one’s behavior to fit a particular social situation

Answer 6

Self-monitoring

Question 7

According to trait theory, the extent to which a person desires to be in control of other people

Answer 7

Need for power

Question 8

According to trait theory, the extent to which a person desires to be successful

Answer 8

Need for achievement

Question 9

The extent to which a person desires to be around other people

Answer 9

Need for affiliation

Question 10

The name for a pattern of needs in which a leader has a high need for power and a low need for affiliation

Answer 10

Leadership motive

pattern

Question 11

A projective personality test in which test takers are shown pictures and asked to tell stories. It is designed to measure various need levels

Answer 11

Thematic Apperception

Test (TAT)

Question 12

An objective test used to measure various need levels

Answer 12

Job Choice Exercise (JCE)

Question 13

A measure of leadership that classifies a leader into one of five leadership styles

Answer 13

Managerial Grid

Question 14

Leaders who define and structure their roles as well as the roles of their subordinates

Answer 14

Task-centered leaders

Question 15

Leaders who believe that employees are extrinsically motivated and thus lead by giving directives and setting goals

Answer 15

Theory X leaders

Question 16

The extent to which leaders define and structure their roles and the roles of their subordinates

Answer 16

Initiating structure

Question 17

A leadership style in which the leader is concerned with both productivity and employee well-being

Answer 17

Team leadership

Question 18

A style of leadership in which the leader is concerned with neither productivity nor the well-being of employees

Answer 18

Impoverished leadership

Question 19

A leadership style reflecting a balanced orientation between people and tasks

Answer 19

Middle-of-the-road

leadership

Question 20

A test used to measure a leader’s self-perception of his or her leadership style

Answer 20

Leadership Opinion

Questionnaire (LOQ)

Question 21

A test used to measure perceptions of a leader’s style by his or her subordinates

Answer 21

Leader Behavior
Description
Questionnaire (LBDQ)

Question 22

A theory of leadership that states that leadership effectiveness is dependent on the interaction between the leader and the situation

Answer 22

Fiedler’s contingency

model

Question 23

A test used in conjunction with Fiedler’s contingency model to reveal leadership style and effectiveness

Answer 23

Least-Preferred Coworker

(LPC) Scale

Question 24

The variable in Fiedler’s contingency model that refers to the extent to which tasks have clear goals and problems can be solved

Answer 24

Task structuredness

Question 25

The variable in Fiedler’s contingency model that refers to the extent to which a leader, by the nature of his or her position, has the power to reward and punish subordinates

Answer 25

Leader position power

Question 26

The variable in Fiedler’s contingency model that refers to the extent to which subordinates like a leader

Answer 26

Leader–member relations

Question 27

A training program that teaches leaders how to change situations to match their leadership styles

Answer 27

Leader Match

Question 28

A theory of leadership that states that there are six styles of leadership (informational, magnetic, position, affiliation, coercive, and tactical) and that each style will be effective only in one of six organizational climates

Answer 28

IMPACT theory

Question 29

A style of leadership in which the leader leads through knowledge and information; most effective in a climate of ignorance

Answer 29

Informational style

Question 30

An organizational climate in which important information is not available

Answer 30

Ignorance

Question 31

A style of leadership in which the leader has influence because of his or her charismatic personality; most effective in a climate of despair

Answer 31

Magnetic style

Question 32

An organizational climate characterized by low morale

Answer 32

Despair

Question 33

A leadership style in which the leaders influence others by virtue of their appointed or elected authority; most effective in a climate of instability

Answer 33

Position style

Question 34

An organizational climate in which people are not sure what to do

Answer 34

Instability

Question 35

A leadership style in which the individual leads by caring about others and that is most effective in a climate of anxiety

Answer 35

Affiliation style

Question 36

An organizational climate in which worry predominates

Answer 36

Anxiety

Question 37

A leadership style in which the individual leads by controlling reward and punishment; most effective in a climate of crisis

Answer 37

Coercive style

Question 38

A critical time or climate for an organization in which the outcome to a decision has extreme consequences

Answer 38

Crisis

Question 39

A leadership style in which a person leads through organization and strategy; most effective in a climate of disorganization

Answer 39

Tactical style

Question 40

A climate in which the organization has the necessary knowledge and resources but does not know how to efficiently use the knowledge or the resources

Answer 40

Disorganization

Question 41

A theory of leadership stating that leaders will be effective if their behavior helps subordinates achieve relevant goals

Answer 41

Path–goal theory

Question 42

``` In the path–goal theory, a leadership style in which the leader plans and organizes the activities of employees ```

Answer 42

Instrumental style

Question 43

In the path–goal theory, a leadership style in which leaders show concern for their employees

Answer 43

Supportive style

Question 44

``` In the path–goal theory, a leadership style in which the leader allows employees to participate in decisions ```

Answer 44

Participative style

Question 45

In the path–goal theory, a leadership style in which the leader sets challenging goals and rewards achievement

Answer 45

Achievement-oriented | style

Question 46

``` A theory of leadership stating that effective leaders must adapt their style of leadership to fit both the situation and the followers ```

Answer 46

Situational leadership | theory

Question 47

A leadership theory that focuses on the interaction between leaders and subordinates

Answer 47

Leader-member | exchange (LMX) theory

Question 48

A leadership theory that concentrates on the interaction between the leader and his or her subordinates

Answer 48

Vertical dyad linkage | (VDL) theory

Question 49

A theory of leadership that concentrates on helping a leader choose how to make a decision

Answer 49

Vroom–Yetton Model

Question 50

Power that individuals have because they have knowledge

Answer 50

Expert power

Question 51

The power that individuals have because of their elected or appointed position

Answer 51

Legitimate power

Question 52

``` Leadership power that exists to the extent that the leader has the ability and authority to provide rewards ```

Answer 52

Reward power

Question 53

Leadership power that comes from the leader’s capacity to punish others

Answer 53

Coercive power

Question 54

Leadership power that exists when followers can identify with a leader and the leader’s goals

Answer 54

Referent power

Question 55

Leadership style in which the leader focuses on task-oriented behaviors

Answer 55

Transactional leadership

Question 56

Visionary leadership in which the leader changes the nature and goals of an organization

Answer 56

Transformational | leadership

Question 57

``` A leadership theory stating that leaders should be honest and open and lead out of a desire to serve others rather than a desire for self-gain ```

Answer 57

Authentic leadership

Question 58

The extent to which a culture avoids uncertainty by | using social norms and rituals

Answer 58

Uncertainty avoidance

Question 59

The extent to which power is unequally shared

Answer 59

Power distance

Question 60

The extent to which a culture encourages collective distribution of resources

Answer 60

Social collectivism

Question 61

The extent to which individuals express pride in their | organizations and families

Answer 61

In-group collectivism

Question 62

The extent to which a culture tries to minimize differences in gender roles and prevent discrimination

Answer 62

Gender egalitarianism

Question 63

The extent to which individuals in a culture are assertive and challenging in social relationships

Answer 63

Assertiveness

Question 64

The extent to which a culture plans for and invests in the future

Answer 64

Future orientation

Question 65

The extent to which a culture encourages and rewards improvement in performance

Answer 65

Performance orientation

Question 66

The extent to which a culture encourages and rewards | people for being fair, caring, and giving

Answer 66

Humane orientation