Introduction

Question 1

A branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace

Answer 1

Industrial-organizational

psychology

Question 2

The field of study that concentrates on the selection and evaluation of employees

Answer 2

Personnel psychology

Question 3

The field of study that investigates the behavior of employees within the context of an organization

Answer 3

Organizational

psychology

Question 4

A field of study concentrating on the interaction between humans and machines

Answer 4

Human factors

Question 5

An intelligence test developed during World War I and used by the army for soldiers who can read

Answer 5

Army Alpha

Question 6

An intelligence test developed during World War I and used by the army for soldiers who cannot read

Answer 6

Army Beta

Question 7

A series of studies, conducted at the Western Electric plant in Hawthorne, Illinois, that have come to represent any change in behavior when people react to a change in the environment

Answer 7

Hawthorne studies

Question 8

When employees change their behavior due solely to the fact that they are receiving attention or are being observed

Answer 8

Hawthorne effect

Question 9

A standardized admission test required by most psychology graduate schools

Answer 9

Graduate Record Exam

GRE

Question 10

Graduate programs that offer a master’s degree but not a Ph.D.

Answer 10

Terminal master’s degree

programs

Question 11

A situation in which a student works for an organization, either for pay or as a volunteer, to receive practical work experience

Answer 11

Internship

Question 12

A paid or unpaid position with an organization that gives a student practical work experience

Answer 12

Practicum

Question 13

A formal research paper required of most doctoral students in order to graduate

Answer 13

Dissertation

Question 14

An educated prediction about the answer to a research question

Answer 14

Hypothesis

Question 15

A systematic set of assumptions regarding the cause and nature of behavior

Answer 15

Theory

Question 16

A written collection of articles describing the methods and results of new research

Answer 16

Journals

Question 17

A collection of articles for those “in the biz,” about related professional topics, seldom directly reporting the methods and results of new research

Answer 17

Trade magazines

Question 18

An unscientific collection of articles about a wide range of topics

Answer 18

Magazines

Question 19

The extent to which research results can be expected to hold true outside the specific setting in which they were obtained

Answer 19

External validity

Question 20

Like external validity, the extent to which research results hold true outside the specific setting in which they were obtained

Answer 20

Generalizability

Question 21

Research conducted in a natural setting as opposed to a laboratory

Answer 21

Field research

Question 22

The formal process by which subjects give permission to be included in a study

Answer 22

Informed consent

Question 23

A committee designated to ensure the ethical treatment of research subjects

Answer 23

Institutional review

boards

Question 24

The result of a well-controlled experiment about which the researcher can confidently state that the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable

Answer 24

Cause-and-effect

relationships

Question 25

A type of research study in which the independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter

Answer 25

Experiment

Question 26

The alteration of a variable by an experimenter in expectation that the alteration will result in a change in the dependent variable

Answer 26

Manipulation

Question 27

The manipulated variable in an experiment

Answer 27

Independent variable

Question 28

The measure of behavior that is expected to change as a result of changes in the independent variable

Answer 28

Dependent variable

Question 29

In an experiment, the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment of interest to the experimenter

Answer 29

Experimental group

Question 30

A group of employees who do not receive a particular type of training so that their performance can be compared with that of employees who do receive training

Answer 30

Control group

Question 31

Research method in which the experimenter either does not manipulate the independent variable or in which subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions

Answer 31

Quasi-experiments

Question 32

Research that involves the use of previously collected data

Answer 32

Archival research

Question 33

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by an experimental manipulation

Answer 33

Effect size

Question 34

Used in meta-analysis, a statistic that is the average of the effect sizes for all studies included in the analysis

Answer 34

Mean effect size

Question 35

A statistic, resulting from performing a correlation, that indicates the magnitude and direction of a relationship

Answer 35

Correlation coefficients

Question 36

A type of effect size used in meta-analysis that is signified by the letter d and indicates how many standard deviations separate the mean score for the experimental group from the control group

Answer 36

Difference score

Question 37

The extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior

Answer 37

Practical significance

Question 38

A sample in which every member of the relevant population had an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the study

Answer 38

Random sample

Question 39

A nonrandom research sample that is used because it is easily available

Answer 39

Convenience sample

Question 40

The random, unbiased assignment of subjects in a research sample to the various experimental and control conditions

Answer 40

Random assignment

Question 41

Informing the subject in an experiment about the purpose of the study in which he or she was a participant and providing any other relevant information

Answer 41

Debriefed

Question 42

A statistical procedure used to measure the relationship between two variables

Answer 42

Correlation

Question 43

A third variable that can often explain the relationship between two other variables

Answer 43

Intervening variable