Learner Variables and Error Analysis

Question 1

Affective factors

Answer 1

1) motivation
- intrinsic vs extrinsic
- integrative vs instrumental
2) inhibition
3) anxiety
- facilitative vs debilitative

Question 2

Styles

Answer 2

1) cognitive styles
- field-dependent vs field-independent
- reflective vs impulsive
- analytic(prefer individual work) vs global(prefer group work)
2) perceptual styles (VAKT)
- visual, auditory, kinesthetics, tactile
3) personality styles
- ambiguity tolerance
- willingness to communicate

Question 3

Strategies

Answer 3

1) learning strategies : related to input processing ; help Ss to effectively process new information
- cognitive strategies ex) transfer, inferencing, imagery, grouping, note taking
- metacognitive strategies ex) plan, monitor, evaluate, advance organizers
- socioaffectve strategies

2) communicaton strategies : a varierty of strategies that can compensate for their lack of knowledge of the target lgg
- avoidance strategies : topic avoidance, syntactic/lexical/phonological avoidance
- compensatory strategies : circumlocution, code-switching, foreignizing, approximation, use of all-purpose words, word coinage, nonliguistic signals, literal translation, appeal for help, stalling, prefabrictaed patterns

3) negotiation strategies
- comprehension checks
- comfirmation checks
- clarification requests

Question 4

Sources of Errors

Answer 4

1) interference (interlingual transfer) 스펠링주의
2) overgeneralization (intralingual transfer)
3) interlanguage
- fixed developmental stage : presystematic -> emergent -> systematic -> stabilizaition
- teachability / learnability