Second Language Acquisition

Question 1

SLA Theories (1) : Cognitive Perspective

Answer 1

1) Krashen’s input hypothesis
- comprehensible input
- affective filter

2) Dekeyser’s skill-acquisition theory
- explicit knowledge -> implicit knolwedge through ‘meaningful practice’
- proceduralization, automatization

3) information processing
- focus on raising Ss’ noticing on the target forms
- noticed input -> comprehensible input -> intake -> implicit K -> output
- input enhancement, input flooding, input processing

Question 2

SLA Theories (2) : Sociocultural perspective

Answer 2

1) Vygotsky’s sociocultural approach
- interaction
- scaffolding
- zone of proximal development
- > for a learning to be effective, scaffolding within a student’s zone of proximal development should be provided to the S through interaction

2) interaction hypothesis
- input -> interaction -> modified input (comprehensible input)
- meaning negotiatioin ex) simplication, elaboration, recast, repetition, etc

3) output hypothesis
- pushed output
- notice the gap -> modified output
- syntactic processing

Question 3

Language and Culture (1) : types of culture, discourse, acculturation

Answer 3

1) Culture
- visible culture : literature, historical figures (Big C); gestures, use of space (little c)
- invisible culture : social norms, core values (Big C); opinons, preferences (little c)

2) Discourse
- lgg in use ; combination of lgg with other social norms in the context
- register : (1) a variety of a lgg used in particular social setting (2) degree of formality in the contexte

3) Second culture acquisitioin
- Acculturation process : euphoria -> culture shock -> acculturation -> stable state
- social distance : cognitive and affective proximity of two cultures

Question 4

Language and Culture (2) : nonverbal, World Englishes, intercultural competence, languaculture

Answer 4

1) nonverbal communication
- proxemics, kinesthetics, oculesics, kinesics, chronemics
2) World Englishes
- validity of a variety of Englishes
3) intercultural competence
- ability to communicate effectively and appropriately with ppl of other cultures
- ethnocentrism vs ethnorelativism (cultural relativism)
4) languaculture
- inseperable reationship b/w lgg and culture
- euphemism

Question 5

Pragmatics

Answer 5

1) Speech Act
2) functions of spoken lgg
- interactional
- transactional
3) Hallyday’s 7 functions of lgg
- representational, imaginative, personal, heuristic, instrumental, regulatory, interactional
4) pragmatic errors
- pragmalinguistic error (그 문화에 적절하지 않는 표현을 사용)
- sociopragmatic error (상대방의 의도를 이해 x)

Question 6

Communicative competence

Answer 6

Components of CC
1) grammatical
2) discourse (textual)
3) sociolinguistic
4) strategic
———————
1) organizational competence
-grammatical
-textual
2) pragmatic competence
-sociolinguistic
-illocutionary 
————————-
BICS vs CALP
-basic interpersonal communicative skill
-cognitive academic language proficiency