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health and social care > Learning aim B - B1 - roles of organisations in providing services > Flashcards

Learning aim B - B1 - roles of organisations in providing services Flashcards

1
Q

what is the public sector?

A

organisations that provide health and social care services that are funded by the government

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2
Q

give an example of a public sector organisation

A

the NHS - it is primarily funded by taxation and a smaller amount from national insurance contributions. the majority of services are free to use as and when needed

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3
Q

what are the four organisations that make up the NHS?

A
  • National Health Service england
  • health and social care in northern ireland
  • NHS scotland
  • NHS wales
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4
Q

what is primary health care?

A

provided by GP’s, dentists, opticians and pharmacists. they are normally accessed directly by the service user when needed

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5
Q

what is secondary health care?

A

hospitals, mental health services, community health services. normally accessed via the GP who makes a referral to a consultant/ specialist

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6
Q

what is tertiary health care?

A

provides specialist, normally complex services such as spinal injury units or hospice support. referred to by health professionals who have identified the need

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7
Q

what are NHS foundation trusts?

A

they manage hospitals in england, and were established in 2004. They are largely funded by the government, and are managed by a board of governors (patients, staff, members of the public, members of partner organisations).

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8
Q

what is the aim of NHS foundation trusts?

A

to move decision making from a centralised NHS to local communities, to better respond to local needs and wishes

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9
Q

what are the advantages of NHS foundation trusts?

A
  • shorter waiting lists for services
  • can meet most needs of individuals
  • frees up beds in hospitals due to reduction of unnecessary admissions
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10
Q

what are the disadvantages of NHS foundation trusts?

A
  • may be busy and overwhelming
  • get referred to multiple different places - moved around a lot, lack of consistent care and support
  • long waiting times
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11
Q

who is adult social care provision for?

A

People over 18 years old who have disabilities, mental health problems or are otherwise frail due to age or other circumstances, and are unable to support themselves without specific and planned assistance

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12
Q

what support can adult social cares services provide?

A
  • care in the service users home such as cooking, cleaning, washing etc
  • day centres to provide care, stimulation and company
  • sheltered housing schemes
  • residential care
  • respite care
  • training centres
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13
Q

how can care in the service users home or sheltered accomodation empower service users?

A
  • allows them to become more independent in the future
  • living properly - own environment, control over their time
  • gives them choice and freedom
  • adapt their environment - lower work tops, ramps, widen doors etc
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14
Q

how can day care centres and training centres support service users?

A
  • can give out medication
  • can support with doing tasks such as cooking, and can teach individual ways they can adapt activities to make things easier with their condition
  • socialisation with other people similar to them, develop social skills, feel less isolated in their situation
  • can recommend other services they can access - help general physical wellbeing and their mental health
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15
Q

how can respite care and day centres support informal carers and families of service users?

A
  • can give them a break and allow them to do things for themself -> to improve their own health and wellbeing, and improve their own situation
  • allow them to provide the best possible care for their family member - can give advice, include them in a care plan and keep them up to date with any changes in their condition
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16
Q

who is responsible for childrens services?

A

local authorities

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17
Q

what is the aim of children’s services?

A

to support and protect vulnerable children and young people, their families and also young carers. the local council’s children’s departments are required to work in close collaboration with any other care providers especially the NHS and education services.

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18
Q

What services can children’s services provide?

A
  • services to safeguard children who are at risk from abuse of significant harm
  • day care for children under 5 and after school support for older children
  • help for parents and carers with ‘parenting skills’
  • practical help in the home
  • support of a children’s centre
  • arrangements of fostering and adoption
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19
Q

what is the role of a GP?

A

they are often the first point of access to health and care provision. They have extensive knowledge of medical conditions including a wide range of disorders, and they also provide preventative healthcare. Their role is to make initial diagnoses and to refer individuals to a specialist for further investigation and treatment if necessary

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20
Q

where do GP’s work?

A

they work in local communities

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21
Q

what services may a GP work closely with?

A
  • education services
  • local authority social services
  • police
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22
Q

how are GP’s funded?

A

from the central government according to their assessed workload from their patients taking into account:
- age of patients
- their gender
- levels or morbidity and mortality in the area
- number of people who live in residential/ nursing homes
- patient turnover

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23
Q

what do GP services receive further payments for?

A
  • if they are deemed to give a high quality service
  • for additional services such as flu immunisations
  • for seniority, based on the length of their career
  • to support the cost of suitable premises and equipment such as computers
  • to cover additional costs if they for instance dispense medicines
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24
Q

why would people living in residential and nursing homes generate more work for a GP practice?

A
  • weaker immune systems
  • complexity of needs
  • medication
  • GP may need to travel to them rather than the other way round
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25
Q

why would the NHS allocate more funding to a GP practice if they offered additional services like flu vaccines?

A
  • these generally cost more
  • it covers the staff and training needed to provide these services
  • they will have more people going to the surgery for these
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26
Q

what is a disadvantage of GP surgeries taking on more responsibility?

A

it makes it harder to get appointments, meaning some people may not get treatment when needed

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27
Q

define the term ‘commissioning’

A

-planning the service specification such as what the service consists of
- agreeing service procurement - the process of obtaining necessary services
- monitoring delivery - continuous assessment such as checking that the services provided meet the needs of all service users

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28
Q

what is the voluntary sector?

A

It is often known as charities, these vary in size, history and the services they provide.

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29
Q

what are some examples of charities in the voluntary sector?

A

shelter, NSPAA, the samaritans aswell as other very small organisations run by volunteers solely for specific needs or for a specific community

30
Q

how are charities funded?

A

they often rely heavily on charitable donations but they may receive some support from the government

31
Q

why would the government provide some funding for the voluntary sector?

A

government departments may pay charities to provide services on their behalf, for example for the NHS, adult social services and childrens services

32
Q

what are the 3 key features of a voluntary organisation?

A
  • they are not run for personal profit, any surplus income is used to develop their services
  • they usually use volunteers for some of their services
  • they are managed independently of central government or local authorities
33
Q

what is a charity that may support a service user with ill health?

A

marie curie services, sexual health services

34
Q

what is a charity that may support a service user with learning disabilities?

A

mencap

35
Q

what is a charity that may support a service user with physical or sensory disabilities?

A

RNIB
sense

36
Q

what is a charity that may support a service user with age related needs?

A

age uk, barnardos, NSPCC

37
Q

summarise the support given by a learning disability charity (mencap)

A

-they offer support and advice over a wide area of aspects - housing, health, support etc
-they have lots of services available including respite, residential care, support with wills and trusts
- they help assess the needs of individuals

38
Q

summarise the support given by a physical/ sensory disability charity (national autistic society)

A
  • they have adult residential services and training programmes to help providers to give the best care for a person with autism
  • campaign for people with autism, and have helped to make changes to the law
  • they offer advice and guidance, and help people to find appropriate nearby services
  • most of their services are funded by the government
39
Q

summarise the support given by an age related charity (age uk)

A
  • help with financial support such as advice around pensions and cost of living crisis
  • campaign for the needs of elderly
  • offer friendship phone calls
  • offer advice and support for a variety of common issues faced by the elderly such as loneliness, being active
40
Q

summarise the support of a charity for cases of ill health (macmillan cancer support)

A

-have an online community where people can talk to others going through a similar situation, and get advice and support
- provide information on all aspects of a cancer journey so that people feel more confident going to appointments, and know exactly what is gong on and what to expect
- fundraising activities
- support groups in local areas for sufferers and their families - so they can meet others and support each other

41
Q

what are the advantages of the voluntary sector?

A
  • shorter waiting lists
    -more accessible
42
Q

what are the disadvantages of the voluntary sector?

A

-lack of resources
- staff shortages due to relying on volunteers who may have other commitments

43
Q

who is private sector health and care provision managed by?

A

commercial companies

44
Q

what are private sector organisations?

A

they are organisations that need to make a profit in order to stay in business and providers work in all sectors including: private schools, nurseries, hospitals, domiciliary day care services, residential and nursing homes and mental health services

45
Q

do private sector companies provide services for the government?

A

yes, they often provide services for the government and the local authorities including the NHS, adult social care services and childrens services.

46
Q

who are private companies funded by?

A

either the service user directly, health insurance companies or grants and other payments from the government

47
Q

what conditions and treatment are excluded from private medical insurance?

A

long term chronic illness, pregnancy and childbirth and accident and emergency

48
Q

give a summary of hospitals as a setting that provides health and care servies

A

they provide both inpatient and outpatient services. individuals are usually referred by their GP, and can choose which hospital they choose to attend and which consultant they would like to see. clinical departments are organised according to medical speciality, some hospitals have accident and emergency services which all individuals can access directly for emergency treatment.

49
Q

what do outpatient services include?

A

regular clinics, day surgery and other specialist daytime care

50
Q

what do inpatient services include?

A

treatment for individuals whose condition requires 24 hour specialist support

51
Q

give some examples of hospital departments

A

-x ray
- ear, nose and throat
- neurology
- accident and emergency
- cardiology
- paediatrics
- rheumatology

52
Q

who might use a hospital setting (from the 4 case studies)?

A

someone with ill health, elderly or someone with a physical disability

53
Q

what are day care centres/ units?

A

they are normally provided for specific client groups. in most places there will be day centres for older people, for people with disabilities, people with learning difficulties, people with mental health problems and for people with specific conditions such as dementia or a visual impairment. the day service provision is designed to provide a friendly, stimulating and supportive environment for people who otherwise may be socially isolated. where appropriate, they provide educational facilities and support and can help people to progress into employment

54
Q

what benefits may a service user feel from accessing a day centre?

A
  • get to socialise with others in similar situations
  • reduce loneliness, meet friends
  • something to look forward to, gives motivation in their week
55
Q

what is hospice care?

A

it aims to improve the quality of life for people who have an incurable illness. care may be available from when the diagnosis of a terminal illness is made until the end of the individuals life. It is hollistic, providing for the physical, social, emotional, spiritual and practical needs of the individual, their family and carers. care may be extended to support during the bereavement period.

56
Q

how can service users be empowered throughout hospice care?

A

they can be given choices, and feel that they are in control of decisions such as whether they would prefer to be at home or in hospital

57
Q

how are hospices funded?

A

through donations only, they rely on fundraising

58
Q

what is palliative care?

A

care provided at h ome for people no longer having treatment. it is person centred, and is good quality care. the patient is made to feel in charge, so they still get a sense of independence. they are given options as to how they want to spend the rest of their life and it is a hollistic approach

59
Q

what is residential care?

A

it refers to the long term care of adults and children needing 24 hour support, which cannot be addequately provided at home. they are usually specialist units providing care for a specific group such as people with mental health difficulties or learning disabilities.

60
Q

what are the two types of care home?

A

a residential care home and a nursing home

61
Q

what is a residential care home?

A

it provides help with personal care such as washing, dressing and taking medication

62
Q

what is a nursing home?

A

it provides personal care but also 24 hour nursing care by a qualified nurse, who may also contribute to the planning, supervising and monitoring or healthcare tasks

63
Q

how does residential care help support the service users family?

A

it allows them to feel relaxed knowing they are getting the best level of care possible, and it allows them to take a break from being a carer and do things for themself, whilst knowing that their family member is safe and cared for

64
Q

what are the advantages of being in residential care?

A
  • waking up knowing someone is nearby
  • someone to talk to, less loneliness
  • no worry about food, shelter, warmth -> external stressors are reduced
  • help with personal hygeine - showering, bathing etc
65
Q

what is respite care?

A

it is short term care which allows the parents/ carers of a vulnerable individual to have a break from their caring roles, whilst knowing that the person they care for is still being supported.

66
Q

what is domicillary care?

A

It is care provided in a clients home rather than in a specialist setting. it could be short term, such as after someone is discharged from hospital, or it could be more long term such as for someone with a disability, or an elderly person.

67
Q

what type of support do domicillary workers provide?

A

they provide support with domestic tasks aswell as intimate personal care. the aim of domicillary care is to help service users to live as independently as possible in their own homes.

68
Q

what are the advantages of providing care for service users in their own homes?

A
  • they are in a familiar setting, so they can feel as relaxed as possible
  • allows them to feel that they still have some independence
  • remain in the same community - if they had to move to an impatient facility it might be across the country, so this way can continue building current relationships
  • can continue their hobbies
69
Q

what might a disadvantage of domicillary care be?

A
  • the right level of care needed may not be provided, as the condition may be too severe to be supported in the service users own home due to the requirement of high levels of medical support
70
Q

why do occupational health services aim to keep a workforce fit and healthy?

A

so that they are able to carry out the duties for which they are employed, or to assist employees to regain fitness following an injury/ illness

71
Q

what services may be available to a health/ social care worker?

A

can include access to:
- a nurse based in the workplace
- referral to a doctor or another health professional
- referral to a counsellor
- referral to a physiotherapist

72
Q

what services are available as part of NHS occupational health?

A
  • absence management
  • rehabilitation
  • risk assessments
  • health surveillance and prevention
  • workplace immunisations
  • health promotion and wellbeing

health and social care (12 decks)

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