Learning Diasbilites And Health

Question 1

Impairment

Answer 1

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function

Question 2

Disability

Answer 2

Any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being; functional limitation

Question 3

Handicap

Answer 3

A disadvantage for a given individual that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal

Question 4

Equality Act 2010

Answer 4

A person has a ‘disability’ if ‘he or she has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on her or his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities’

Question 5

Social definition of disability

Answer 5

The loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in society on equal level with others due to social and environmental barriers

Question 6

Disabled person

Answer 6

A person with an impairment who experiences disability

Question 7

Disability barriers

Answer 7

Negative cultural representations
Inflexible organisational policies, procedures and practices
Segregated social provision
Inaccessible information formats
Inaccessible built environment and product design

Question 8

Negative cultural representation

Answer 8

Images and assumptions that medicalise, patronise, criminalise and dehumanise people with impairments

Question 9

Inflexible organisational polices, procedures and practices

Answer 9

Many deaf people or those with a hearing impairment were forced to make contact with their GP using a method that was not best for them eg telephone call
90% of GP surgeries in Wales did not offer suitable alternatives for making appointments

Question 10

Learning disability

Answer 10

Significant impairment of general cognitive functioning acquired in childhood is lifelong
Leads to difficulty with everyday activities, eg household tasks, socialising or managing money
People with a learning disability tend to take longer to learn and may need support to develop new skills, understand complicated information and interact with other people

Question 11

Average reading age of UK population

Answer 11

11-12

Question 12

Percentage of populations of developed nations diagnosed with learning disabilities

Answer 12

1-4%

Question 13

Are boys or girls more likely to be identified as having a learning disability

Answer 13

Boys

Question 14

Causes of learning disabilities

Answer 14

Genetic factors
Maternal use of alcohol, drugs and tobacco during pregnancy
Complications during pregnancy
Environmental toxins eg cadmium and lead

Question 15

Commonest cause of learning disabilities

Answer 15

Down syndrome

Question 16

Down syndrome increases risk of

Answer 16

Dementia
Thyroid problems
Visual/hearing impairment
Other associated long term medical conditions

Question 17

Health inequality

Answer 17

Differences in health status between different population groups that are attributable to the external environment and conditions mainly outside the control of the individuals concerned

Question 18

Barriers to accessing healthcare

Answer 18

Failure to identify people with LD
Discriminatory attitudes
Failure to make reasonable adjustments
Diagnostic overshadowing
Unable to phone to make appointments unaided
Unable to read appointment letters/ advice leaflets
Difficulties with patient call systems
Lack of trust in clinicians not met before

Question 19

Diagnostic overshadowing

Answer 19

Symptoms of physical ill health being mistakenly attributed to a behavioural problem or seen as being inherent in the person’s LD

Question 20

Social stratification of LD

Answer 20

More common among children in more disadvantaged families

Question 21

People with LD are:

Answer 21

More likely to be economically disadvantaged
Have communication, numeracy, literacy and memory difficulties
Have personal health risks and behaviours
Experience deficiencies in access to and quality of healthcare provision
Increased risk associated with specific genetic and biological causes of learning disabilities

Question 22

Health promotion issues

Answer 22

Low uptake of health promotion and screening activities,eg routine dental checks

Question 23

Annual health checks

Answer 23

All people with LD offered annual health checks

Question 24

Health consequences of inadequate LD provisions

Answer 24

More risky health behaviours, eg smoking
More sensory and physical impairments
Poorer physical health
Shorter life expectancy and premature mortality
Poorer mental health - inappropriate use of psychotropic medication for people with LD as a form of chemical restraint for behaviour management