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Final NAPLEX > Learning Lab Values & Drug Monitoring > Flashcards

Learning Lab Values & Drug Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

List three drugs that can increase calcium

A
  1. calcium supplementation
  2. vitamin D
  3. thiazide diuretics
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2
Q

List eight drugs that can decrease calcium

A
  1. systemic steroids
  2. long-term heparin
  3. loop-diuretics
  4. bisphosphonates
  5. cinacalcet
  6. calcitonin
  7. foscarnet
  8. topiramate
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3
Q

List two drugs that can increase magnesium

A
  1. magnesium containing antacids

2. magnesium containing laxatives

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4
Q

List five drugs + 2 conditions that can decrease magnesium

A
  1. PPI
  2. diuretics
  3. amphotericin
  4. foscarnet
  5. echinocandins
  6. diarrhea
  7. chronic alcohol intake
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5
Q

List three drugs that can decrease phosphate

A
  1. phosphate binders
  2. foscarnet
  3. oral calcium intake
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6
Q

List thirteen drugs that can increase potassium

A
  1. ACE/ARB
  2. aldosterone receptor antagonists
  3. aliskiren
  4. NSAIDs
  5. cyclosporine
  6. tacrolimus
  7. mycophenolate
  8. potassium supplements
  9. drosperinone-containing oral contraceptives
  10. bactrim
  11. chronic heparin use
  12. canagliflozin
  13. pentamidine
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7
Q

List six drugs that can decrease potassium

A
  1. steroids
  2. beta-2 agonists
  3. conivaptan
  4. diuretics
  5. insulin
  6. mycophenolate (both increase and decrease reported)
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8
Q

List three drugs that can increase sodium

A
  1. hypertonic saline
  2. conivaptan
  3. tolvaptan
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9
Q

List five drugs that can decrease sodium

A
  1. carbamazepine
  2. oxcarbazepine
  3. SSRIs
  4. diuretics
  5. desmopressin
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10
Q

List three drugs that can increase bicarbonate

A
  1. loop diuretics
  2. systemic steroids
  3. sodium acetate
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11
Q

List three drugs that can decrease bicarbonate

A
  1. topiramate
  2. zonisamide
  3. salicylate overdose
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12
Q

List two drugs that can cause false elevations of serum creatinine

A
  1. Bactrim

2. H2RAs

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13
Q

List eleven drugs that can cause true elevations of serum creatinine

A
  1. aminoglycosides
  2. amphotericin B
  3. cisplatin
  4. colistimethate
  5. cyclosporine
  6. loop diuretics
  7. polymyxin
  8. NSAIDs
  9. radiocontrast dye
  10. tacrolimus
  11. vancomycin
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14
Q

List three conditions that can cause decrease in serum creatinine (e.g. falsely reflect kidney function)

A
  1. low muscle mass
  2. amputation
  3. hemodilution
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15
Q

List three drugs that can increase WBC

A
  1. systemic steroids
  2. colony stimulating factors
  3. epinephrine
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16
Q

List seven drugs that can decrease WBC

A
  1. clozapine
  2. chemotherapy that targets bone marrow
  3. carbamazepine
  4. cephalosporins
  5. immunosuppressants (DMARDs, biologics, etc.)
  6. procainamide
  7. vancomycin
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17
Q

List four conditions that can increase eosinophils

A
  1. drug allergy
  2. asthma
  3. inflammation
  4. parasitic infection
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18
Q

List three conditions that can increase basophils

A
  1. inflammation
  2. hypersensitivity reaction
  3. leukemia
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19
Q

List two conditions that can increase lymphocytes

A
  1. viral infections

2. lymphoma

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20
Q

List two conditions + 1 drug that can decrease lymphocytes

A
  1. bone marrow suppression
  2. HIV
  3. systemic steroids
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21
Q

List three conditions that can increase monocytes

A
  1. chronic infections
  2. inflammation
  3. stress
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22
Q

List 2 drugs + 1 condition that can increase RBC

A
  1. erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA)
  2. smoking
  3. polycythemia
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23
Q

List six conditions that can decrease RBC

A
  1. chemotherapy that targets bone marrow
  2. low production
  3. blood loss
  4. deficiency anemias (B12, folate)
  5. hemolytic anemia
  6. sickle cell anemia
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24
Q

List one drug that can increase Hgb/Hct

A
  1. erythropoiesis-stimulating-agents
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25
List two drugs/conditions that can decrease Hgb/Hct
1. anemias | 2. bleeding (anticoagulants, antiplatelets, P2Y12 inhibitors, fibrinolytics)
26
List two conditions that can increase mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
1. B12 deficiency | 2. folate deficiency
27
List one condition that can decrease mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
1. iron deficiency
28
List one drug that can increase Iron levels
1. iron supplementation
29
List two conditions that can decrease iron levels
1. blood loss | 2. poor nutritional intake
30
List six drugs that can decrease folic acid
1. phenytoin/fosphenytoin 2. phenobarbital 3. primidone 4. methotrexate 5. sulfasalazine 6. sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
31
List four drugs that can decrease Vitamin B12 levels
1. PPI 2. metformin 3. colchicine 4. chloramphenicol
32
List ten drugs that can result in a positive Coombs test (also known as Direct Antiglobulin Test [DAT])
1. penicillins 2. cephalosporins 3. isoniazid 4. levodopa 5. methyldopa 6. nitrofurantoin 7. quinidine 8. quinine 9. rifampin 10. sulfonamides
33
List twelve drugs that can result in hemolytic anemia due to Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
1. stress 2. fava beans 3. chloroquine 4. dapsone 5. methylene blue 6. nitrofurantoin 7. primaquine 8. probenecid 9. quinidine 10. quinine 11. rasburicase 12. sulfonamides
34
When should a antifactor Xa activity (Anti-Xa) be drawn
4 hours after SC LMWH dose
35
List six conditions which might warrant Anti-Xa monitoring
1. pregnancy 2. obesity 3. low body weight 4. pediatrics 5. elderly 6. renal insufficiency
36
List three drugs which can increase anti-Xa levels
1. heparin 2. LMWH 3. fondaparinux
37
List three drugs which falsely elevate INR
1. daptomycin 2. oritavancin 3. telavancin
38
List seven drugs which decrease platelets
1. heparin 2. LMWH 3. fondaparinux 4. glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists (ReoPro, Integrilin, Aggrastat) 5. linezolid 6. valproic acid 7. chemotherapy that targets bone marrow
39
List two tests used to diagnose Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
1. First ELISA test, then if positive, | 2. a Serotonin release assay (SRA) is confirmatory.
40
List two conditions that can decrease albumin
1. cirrhosis | 2. malnutrition
41
List three drugs/levels which require correction for low albumin
1. phenytoin 2. valproic acid 3. calcium
42
List two drugs which can increase ammonia
1. valproic acid | 2. topiramate
43
List one drug which can decrease ammonia
1. lactulose
44
List four drugs and one condition which can cause elevations in amylase/lipase (e.g. pancreatitis markers)
1. didanosine 2. stavudine 3. GLP-1 agonists 4. valproic acid 5. hypertriglyceridemia
45
List nine drugs which can increase Creatinine Kinase
1. daptomycin 2. quinupristin/dalfopristin 3. statins 4. fibrates 5. emtricitabine 6. tenofovir 7. tipranavir 8. raltegravir 9. dolutegravir
46
Fasting begins x hours prior to lipid blood draw
9-12 hours
47
Fasting begins x hours prior to Fasting Plasma Glucose
8+ hours
48
List two drugs which can increase or decrease Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
1. amiodarone | 2. interferons
49
List four drugs which can increase thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
1. interferons 2. tyrosine kinase inhibitors 3. lithium 4. carbamazepine
50
List eight drugs which can elevate uric acid
1. diuretics 2. niacin 3. high doses of aspirin 4. pyrazinamide 5. cyclosporine 6. tacrolimus 7. select pancreatic enzyme products 8. chemotherapy (tumor lysis syndrome)
51
List ten drugs which can cause Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE)
1. anti-TNF agents 2. hydralazine 3. isoniazid 4. methimazole 5. methyldopa 6. minocycline 7. procainamide 8. propylthiouracil 9. quinidine 10. terbinafine
52
List three tests which can help establish diagnosis of drug-induced lupus erythematosus
1. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) 2. Histone antibody (detected by ELISA) 3. anti-dsDNA
53
List two lab values that can increase with testosterone supplementation
1. total free testosterone | 2. prostate-specific antigent (PSA)
54
What lab value is tested to determine pregnancy?
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
55
List four drugs which can increase lactic acid
1. NRTIs 2. metformin 3. alcohol 4. cyanide
56
List four drugs which can increase prolactin
1. haloperidol 2. risperidone 3. paliperidone 4. methyldopine
57
List one drug which can decrease prolactin
Bromocriptine
58
What test is used to screen for syphilis?
1. Rapid Plasma Reagin
59
List four drugs which can increase serum osmolality
1. mannitol 2. ethylene glycol 3. methanol 4. propylene glycol
60
List two drugs which may require lower doses in patients with genetic deficiency of Thiopurine Methyltransferase (TPMT)
1. azathioprine | 2. mercaptopurine
61
TDM level of carbamazepine
4-12 mcg/mL
62
TDM level of digoxin for Afib
0.8-2 ng/mL
63
TDM level of digoxin for HF
0.5-0.9 ng/mL
64
TDM of gentamicin, peak
5-10 mcg/mL
65
TDM of gentamicin, trough
<2 mcg/mL
66
TDM of lithium, acute symptoms
1.5 mEq/L
67
TDM of lithium, maintenance
0.6-1.2 mEq/L
68
TDM of phenytoin/fosphenytoin
10-20 mcg/mL
69
TDM of free phenytoin
1-2.5 mcg/mL
70
TDM of N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA)
15-25 mcg/mL
71
TDM of procainamide
4-10 mcg/mL
72
TDM of combined NAPA and procainamide
10-30 mcg/mL
73
TDM of theophylline
5-15 mcg/mL
74
TDM of tobramycin, peak
5-10 mcg/mL
75
TDM of tobramycin, tourhg
<2 mcg/mL
76
TDM of valproic acid
50-100 mcg/mL (up to 150 mcg/mL in some patients)
77
TDM of vancomycin, non-severe infection, trough
10-15 mcg/mL
78
TDM of vancomycin, severe infection, trough
15-20 mcg/mL
79
TDM of warfarin, most indications
INR 2-3
80
TDM of warfarin, mechanical mitral valve
INR 2.5-3.5

Final NAPLEX (15 decks)

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