Learning Outcome 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Muscles in shoulder
A
- anterior deltoid
- posterior deltoid
- deltoid
- latissimus dorsi
- trapezius
- pectoral is major
- teres major
2
Q
Anterior deltoid movement
A
Flexion
3
Q
Posterior deltoid movement
A
Extension
4
Q
Deltoid movement
A
Abduction
5
Q
Latissimus dorsi movement
A
Adduction
6
Q
Trapezius movement
A
Medial rotation
7
Q
Pectoralis major movement
A
Horizontal Flexion
8
Q
Teres major movement
A
Lateral rotation
9
Q
Muscles at the elbow
A
- bicep brachii
- tricep brachii
10
Q
Bicep brachii movement
A
Flexion
11
Q
Tricep brachii movement
A
Extension
12
Q
Wrist muscles
A
- wrist flexors
- wrist extensors
13
Q
Wrist flexors movement
A
Flexion
14
Q
Wrist extensors movement
A
Extension
15
Q
Radio ulna joint muscles
A
- Pronator teres
- supinator muscles
16
Q
Pronator teres movement
A
Pronation
17
Q
Supinator muscle movement
A
Supination
18
Q
Hip muscles
A
- gluteus minimus
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- adductor brevis
- adductor Magnus
- adductor longus
- illiposoas
19
Q
Gluteus muscles movement
A
- abduction and extension
20
Q
Illiopsoas movement
A
Flexion
21
Q
Adductor muscles movement
A
Adduction
22
Q
Muscles in the knee
A
- bicep femoris
- semimembranous
- semitendanous
- recuts femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
23
Q
Bicep femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendanous
Movements
A
Flexion
24
Q
recuts femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
A
Extension
25
Ankle muscles
- Tibialis anterior
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
26
Tibiallis anterior movement
Dorsi- Flexion
27
-soleus and gastrocnemius movements
Plantar Flexion
28
Agonist
- group of muscles responsible for movement occurring
- muscles contract and shorten to cause movement
29
Antagonist
- group of muscles that relaxes in response to active muscle contracting
- relaxes and lengthens
30
Fixator
- muscle/ groups of muscles that stabilise a joint
- holds body still
31
Isometric
- muscles contract and no change in length of contracting muscle
32
Concentric
Causes muscle to shorten
33
Eccentric
Causes muscle to lengthen as it contracts
34
Slow oxidative muscle fibre ( type 1a)
- red in colour
- high volume of myoglobin
- can produce repeated muscle contractions
- very resistant to fatigue
- high presence of oxygen
- works aerobically
- produces lots of energy ( ATP)
- large no. Of mitochondria
- marathon runner
35
Fast oxidative muscle fibres ( type 11a)
- 800m runner
- produce fast bursts of energy
- produce fast and strong muscle contractions
- work anaerobically and aerobically
- produce less ATP( slow rate)
36
Fast glycolytic ( type 11b)
- works anaerobically
- white in colour
- produces very powerful contractions
- fatigue occurs rapidly
- produce ATP ( slow rate)
- fewer mitochondria
37
Hypertrophy
An increase in muscle size
38
Hyperplasia
The muscle fibres split to increase their number
39
Contraction times
The speed at which your muscle fibres contract
40
Motor neuron
Number of muscle fibres attached to a single nerve, the more fibres the greater the contraction
41
Resistance to fatigue
How quickly muscle fibres get tired
42
Force production
How hard muscle fibres contract
43
Mitochondria
Provide energy to muscle fibres using oxygen
44
Capillary density
Provide opportunity for 02 to diffuse into muscles, the higher the density, provides more 02
45
Oxidative capacity
Indicates the muscle capacity to use 02 when working linked to no. Of mitochondria and capillaries
46
Glycolytic capacity
Body’s capacity to use glycogen when working. Muscle contract without 02 available
47
Major fuel
Muscle fibres prefer to use, triglycerides require lots of 02 being used as energy source. Glycogen and creative phosphate can be used as energy source without 02 present
48
Type 1 ( slow oxidative ) characteristics
- contraction time
- some of motor neuron
- resistance to fatigue
- activity used for
- force production
- mitochondrial density
- capillary density
- oxidative density
- glycolytic density
- major fuel storage
Slow
Small
High
Aerobically
Low
High
High
High
Low
Triglycerides
49
Type 11a ( fast oxidative )
- contraction time
- some of motor neuron
- resistance to fatigue
- activity used for
- force production
- mitochondrial density
- capillary density
- oxidative density
- glycolytic density
- major fuel storage
Fast
Large
Medium
Long term anaerobically
Medium
High
Medium
High
High
CP + glycogen
50
Type 11B ( fast glycolytic )
- contraction time
- some of motor neuron
- resistance to fatigue
- activity used for
- force production
- mitochondrial density
- capillary density
- oxidative density
- glycolytic density
- major fuel storage
- very fast
- very large
- low
Anaerobically
High
Low
Low
Low
High
Cp+ glycogen
51
Short term effect
Increases energy production
Increase speed of muscle contractions
Increase blood flow
Increase muscle temperature
Increase oxygen delivery
Decreases blood viscosity
Increase in muscle flexibility
52
Increase in energy production
- increase in enzyme and energy production in the muscle cells
- muscles will get less tired
- if overuse muscles can lead to injury
53
Increase speed of muscle contraction
- stronger muscle contractions ensure we can produce more forceful contractions over great range
- muscles more powerful
- muscles may become fatigued
54
Increase blood flow
- blood pressure increases and blood flow around body increases
- blood transports nutrients to body
- blood pressure rising so could cause fatigue
55
Increase in muscle temperature
- increases blood flow and temp of muscles, increases elasticity
- muscles more pliable so less likely to get injured
- if not increased, muscles injured
56
Increase io oxygen delivery
- blood flow increases and delivers oxygen to muscles
- 02 to muscles so can exercise longer
- to much 02 can turn into c02
57
Decrease in blood viscosity
Increase in heat, warms blood, decreases viscosity making blood flow easier
- more 02 to muscles
- can bleed easier
58
Increase in muscle flexibility
- increase in elasticity, so muscles become more pliable
- more pliable to decrease in likelihood of injury
- if muscles aren’t flexible, can case injury
59
Long term effects on muscle system
- increased muscle hypertrophy
- increased number of muscle fibres
- increased fuel sources
- capillary density
- resistance to fatigue
- increased force production
60
Increased muscle hypertrophy
- increased thickness of muscle fibres, improves strength and contraction speed
- increase in strength and power
- too much muscle, weigh down and not as flexible
61
Increased number of muscle fibres
- increase in muscle hyperplasia- no of muscle fibres, increased strength of contraction and increased motor neuron size
Increased contractions
Less flexible
62
Increased fuel sources
- increase in fuel sources, CP, triglycerides and glycogen
- store more fuels
63
Capillary density
- Type 11a and Type 11b develop bigger and more efficient capillary bed, increase in mitochondria density
- more 02, ore energy and exercise longer
64
Resistance to fatigue
- more resistant more exercise- contract longer- coping with stress for longer
65
Increased force production
- muscle fibres more forceful and therefore can produce more speed, strength and power with contractions
- increase in speed and power
- too much muscles, won’t feel benefit
