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Learnng Outcome 1 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is axial skeleton?

A

Found is centre of body and protects vital organs.

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2
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

Mainly used for movement and support of bones

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3
Q

Bones in head

A

Cranium

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4
Q

Bones in axial skeleton

A

Vertebrae
Cranium
Sternum
Ribs
Sacrum- near pelvis
Coccyx- near pelvis

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5
Q

Bones near shoulder

A

Scapula- flaps at back of shoulder
Clavicle

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6
Q

Bones in upper arm

A

Humerus

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7
Q

Bones in lower arm

A

Radius- thumb side
Ulna

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8
Q

Bones in wrist

A

Carpals

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9
Q

Bones in hand

A

Metacarpals
phalanges

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10
Q

Bones under ribs

A

Pelvis
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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11
Q

Bones in upper leg

A

Femur

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12
Q

Bones in lower leg

A

Tibia-thicker bone
Fibula-thinner bone

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13
Q

Bones in ankle

A

tarsals
tallus

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14
Q

Bones in foot

A

metatarsals
Phalanges

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15
Q

Six functions of skeleton

A

Shape
support
Movement
Protection
Production of blood cells
Mineral storage

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16
Q

Shape

A

Bones give us shape for example, vertebrae helps keep body upright

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17
Q

Support

A

Give body posture
Holds body upright
Gives stability/ structure

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18
Q

Movement

A

Skeleton had joints- provide point of attachment for muscles
Tendons- pull on bones
Ligaments allow movement

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19
Q

Protection

A

Prevents injury to vital organs
Surrounds vital organs

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20
Q

Production of blood cells

A

Where red and white blood cells are created - bone marrow
Red blood cells- oxygen
White blood cells- fight pathogens

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21
Q

Mineral storage

A

Calcium/iron stored in bones- long bones e.g femur
Minerals held in bone marrow

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22
Q

Long Bone

A

-Bones that are longer than they are wider
Function - production of blood cells, movement, shape and mineral storage e.g femur

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23
Q

Short bone

A

Bones that are short and almost cubic shape
Function- Movement e.g carpals

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24
Q

Flat bone

A

Bones that are flatter than they are wider
Function- protection- cranium, ribs

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25
Irregular bones
Bones that do not fit into any other category Function- protection and movement- Vertebrae
26
Sesamoid bone
Bones that are similar to a short bone but they are with a tendon function- movement- patella
27
Joint classification
Fixed joint Slightly moveable joint Freely moveable joint
28
Fixed joint
allows no movement and is important for skeleton to grow and delveop E.g. cranium- grows and develops to accommodate brain
29
Slightly moveable joint
Join bones together with cartilage - only allow small amount of movement in some directions E.g vertebrae- slightly move against each other
30
Freely moveable joint
Synovial joint- allows for a great range of movement which can be divided into joints that provide different types of movement E.g Shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, elbow
31
Types of synovial joints
Ball and socket Hinge joint Pivot joint Saddle joint Condyloid joint Gliding joint
32
Ball and socket
Allows movement in 4 planes Location- hip and shoulder Movements- abduction, adduction, Flexion, extension, rotation, circumduction
33
Hinge joint
Allows movement in one plane Location- elbow,knee, ankle movements- Flexion, extension
34
Pivot joint
Move in one plane as the joint move together like a pin in a groove Location- neck Movements- rotation
35
Condyloid joint
Movement in 3 planes and have appearance of pastor and mortar Location- wrist Movement- rotation
36
Saddle joint
Allows movement in 3 planes having appearance of 2 saddles put together Location- thumb Movements- Flexion and extension Abduction and adduction
37
Gliding joint
2 relatively flat bones that come together- allow little movement Location -lower vertebrae, carpals and tarsals Movement- lateral Flexion- side to side
38
Structures of knee
Articulate cartilage Ligaments Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Meniscus Pads of fat Bursae Joint capsule
39
Articular cartilage
Surrounds the ends of your bones Hard, smooth and blueish Gloss/ smooth texture to help bones moves others without friction
40
Ligaments
Holds bones together Ensures stability Ensures movement Strong and elastic
41
Synovial membrane
Layer that lies synovial fluid Produces synovial fluid
42
Synovial fluid
Thick fluid- reduces friction
43
Meniscus
Soft and spongy tissue Lie between articular cartilage and synovial fluid Acts as a shock absorber- reduces impact at end of bones
44
Pads of fat
Friction reducers Fill space in knee
45
Bursae
Small sack filled with fluid Located in skin, ligaments or bones- could cause friction E.g between patella and skin at front of knee
46
Joint capsule
Protective layer around joint
47
Flexion
Decreasing the angle of a joint Hinge and ball and socket
48
Extension
Increasing the angle of a joint Hinge and ball and socket
49
Lateral Flexion
Bending of spine side to side Gliding joint
50
Abduction
Moving limbs away from the midline of body Ball and socket
51
Adduction
Moving libs towards midline of body Ball and socket
52
Horizontal abduction
Bring arms out at 90 degree angle Ball and socket
53
Horizontal adduction
Bring arm in front 90 degrees horizontal Ball and socket
54
Medial rotation
Towards midline of body Ball and socket
55
Lateral rotation
Away from midline of body Ball and socket
56
Circumduction
All movements-Flexion,extension, abduction,adduction, rotation
57
Pronation
Thumbs inside - palm down Condyloid joint
58
Supination
Palm up Thumb outside Condyloid joint
59
Doris Flexion
toes towards shins Hinge joint
60
Plantar Flexion
Pointing toes Hinge joint
61
The vertebrae is made out of what 5 parts
- cervical vertebrae - thoracic vertebrae - lumbar vertebrae - sacrum - coccyx
62
Cervical vertebrae
- irregular bones make up a pivot joint for the atlas + axis - freely moveable joint, supports head and protects spinal Column
63
Thoracic vertebrae
- irregular bones make up gliding joint - slightly moveable - supports weight of upper body and ribs, protect vital organs - each cartilage/ meniscus disc acts as a shock absorber
64
Lumbar vertebrae
- irregular bones make up gliding joint - Slightly moveable supports weight bearing structure
65
Sacrum
- fixed joint - flat bones - supports weight of skeleton
66
Coccyx
- fixed joint made up of flat bones - supports weight bearing whilst sitting
67
Short term effect on skeletal system
- increased production of synovial fluid within joints
68
Long term effects on skeletal system
- increased bone density -increased strength in ligaments
69
Increased production of synovial fluid - description - positive impact - negative impact
- reduces impact on exercise and increases range of movement - reduces risk of injury - if don’t take part then increases risk of injury
70
Increase in bone density - descripton - positive impact - negative impact
- increased bone strength, reduces risk of injury, reduce osteoporosis - reduces risk of injury, reduces osteoporosis, increased calcium, improved posture - repetitive activity cause stress factors, incorrect technique/ overloading can cause injury
71
Increase strength in ligaments - description - positive impact - negative impact
- increased joint stability, reduce risk of skeletal injury - reduce risk of injury, prevents dislocations, reduce risk of arthritis, better weight management - repetitive activity cause stress factors, incorrect technique/ overloading can cause injury’s

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