Learning Outcome 3

Question 1

Vena cava

Answer 1

Carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 2

Right atrium

Answer 2

Caries deoxygenated blood through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

Question 3

Tricuspid valve

Answer 3

Prevents deoxygenated blood going back into right atrium

Question 4

Right ventricle

Answer 4

Caries deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery

Question 5

Pulmonary valve

Answer 5

Stops deoxygenated blood going back to right ventricle

Question 6

Pulmonary artery

Answer 6

Caries deoxygenated blood to lungs which is turned into oxygenated blood

Question 7

Pulmonary vein

Answer 7

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

Question 8

Left atrium

Answer 8

Carries oxygenated blood through bicuspid valve to left ventricle

Question 9

Bicuspid valve

Answer 9

Prevents oxygenated blood going back into left atrium

Question 10

Left ventricle

Answer 10

Carries oxygenated blood to aorta

Question 11

Aortic valve

Answer 11

Prevents oxygenated blood going back into left atrium

Question 12

Aorta

Answer 12

Carries oxygenated blood to establish of body, muscles

Question 13

Stroke volume

Answer 13

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in each beat
Typical stroke volume is 70 ml

Question 14

Heart rate

Answer 14

The number of times the heart beats per minute
Typical resting is between 60-80

Question 15

Cardiac output

Answer 15

The volume of blood pumped from the heart per minute. Typical in 5000 ml

Question 16

Estimating stroke volume

Answer 16

Cardiac output / Heart rate

Question 17

Estimating cardiac output

Answer 17

Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 18

Maximum heart rate

Answer 18

Stroke volume x maximal heart rate
Maximal heart rate = 220- age

Question 19

Arteries

Answer 19

• thick tunica
• thick muscular walls
• small lumen
• elastin so can change shape and stretch
• high pressure
• no valves

Question 20

Arterioles

Answer 20

• link between artery and capillary
• small diameter but change shape to control blood flow to capillaries
• have pre capillary sphincter can contract and divert blood
• thinner muscular walls than artery’s
• small lumen
• high pressure

Question 21

Capillaries

Answer 21

• 02 and nutrients diffuse to tissue
• one cell thick walls
• very small lumen
  Thin tunica
• low pressure
  No pocket valves

Question 22

Venues

Answer 22

• connect veins and capillaries
• thin muscular walls
• large lumen
• thin tunica
  Low pressure
  No pocket valves

Question 23

Veins

Answer 23

• carry blood towards the heart
• thin muscular walls
• large lumen
  -thin tunica
  Low pressure
• has pocket valves

Question 24

Plasma

Answer 24

• make up 50% of our blood volume
• enables cells, nutrients and hormones transport around body quickly and effectively e.g o2 and c02

Question 25

Platelets

Answer 25

- essential component of blood - stop bleeding - prevent infection getting into body systems from external injures

Question 26

White blood cells

Answer 26

- make up immune system - - blood caries floating white blood cells - protection and fighting foreign bodies and infection - keeps body healthy

Question 27

Red blood cells

Answer 27

Transports 02 Attaches haemoglobin forms oxyhemoglobin Provides muscle cells with 02 produce enzyme activity - for aerobic respiration

Question 28

Vascular shunt mechanism

Answer 28

- blood is distributed to the muscles,heart, lungs and brain to receive sufficient oxygen during exercise

Question 29

arterioles

Answer 29

- link between arteries and capillaries - small in diameter - control blood flow to capillaries

Question 30

Vasodilation

Answer 30

- arterioles - lumen widens so increases in diameter- more blood to muscles

Question 31

Vasoconstriction

Answer 31

- narrowing and decrease in diameter of arterioles going to kidney , liver and intestines, reduces blood flow

Question 32

Pre- capillary sphincters

Answer 32

- contract and divert blood - open for capillaries feeding muscle - between arterioles and capillaries- act as door, open and close

Question 33

Distribution before exercise

Answer 33

Blood goes to organs, not muscles

Question 34

During exercise , distribution of blood

Answer 34

Blood goes to muscles as needed to be used for oxygen

Question 35

Short term effects cardiovascular

Answer 35

Heart rate Stroke volume Cardiac output Vasodilation of arterioles Vascular shunt mechanism Blood pressure

Question 36

Heart rate

Answer 36

Increases in heart rate so more oxygen to muscles for exercise

Question 37

Stroke volume

Answer 37

Increase in stroke volume so meet demand for oxygen

Question 38

Cardiac output

Answer 38

Increases so can meet demand for oxygen

Question 39

Vasodilation of arterioles

Answer 39

Arterioles widen increasing blood flow to meet demand for oxygen

Question 40

Vascular shunt mechanism

Answer 40

Blood diverted to areas of need so more blood to working muscles so more oxygen for exercise

Question 41

Blood pressure

Answer 41

Increases so more blood to muscles so more O2

Question 42

Long term effects Cardiovascular system

Answer 42

- resting HR - exercising stroke volume - cardiac muscle - red blood cells - maximal cardiac output

Question 43

Resting heart rate

Answer 43

- decrease in HR - heart become more efficient - cardiac muscle bigger so stroke volume increases- less stress on heart

Question 44

Exercising stroke volume

Answer 44

- increases - heart has capacity to work harder -more blood to working muscles

Question 45

Cardiac muscles

Answer 45

Increases - produces more forceful contractions

Question 46

Red blood cells

Answer 46

- increases - more 02 to muscles for exercise

Question 47

Maximal cardiac output

Answer 47

- increases - increase in cardiovascular endurance