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1
Q

what are the benefits of physical activity on cognitive health?

A
  • promotes cognitive function and memory
  • reduces the risk of neurodegenerative diseases
  • helps improve neuroplasticity
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2
Q

what portion of older adult’s awake time was sedentary? what portion was spent on low-intensity physical activity? spent on high intensity physical activity?

A

79%

20%

1%

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3
Q

how many older adult residents reported performing over 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day? does this statistic differ between genders?

A

less than 10%

men are 20-30% less likely to participate in organized activities compared to women, thus, there is higher sedentary activity in men

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4
Q

what does lack of physical activity contribute to?

A

loss of strength

depression

insomnia

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5
Q

what does Function Focused Care (FCC) promote?

A

promotes independence and improves physical activity, cognition and functional ability levels in long-term care resident

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6
Q

what are the barriers limiting physical activity in older adults living in long-term care?

A

physical health problems and physical frailty

fear of resultant injury or falling

past sedentary lifestyle

insufficient understanding about physical activity

environmental restriction

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7
Q

what is the ageless grace program?

A

brain-body fitness program

has analytical, strategic, creative, kinesthetic-learning, memory-based components

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8
Q

what are the benefits of the ageless grace program?

A

neuroplasticity-based wellness program

targets 5 critical areas: analytical, strategic, creative, kinesthetic-learning, memory/recall

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9
Q

what are the objectives of digital assistive technology?

A

promotes independence

facilitates aging in place

reduces caregiver burden

enhances security

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10
Q

what are the pros and cons of dementia clocks as digital assistive technology?

A

pros: independence, multi-purpose, voice activated, accessible, no wi-fi required

cons: costly

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11
Q

what percentage of older adults are at risk of social isolation?

A

30% of older adults

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12
Q

what percentage of older adults feel isolated from others and wish they could participate in more social activities?

A

19-24%

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13
Q

what is the risk of developing dementia is older adults are subjected to social isolation?

A

4% higher risk

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14
Q

older adults believed their reluctance to accept home-based help was due to what reasons?

A

fear of asking for help

guilt of being a burden on others

lack of trust

feelings of loss of control

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15
Q

what does the seniors’ centre without walls program do?

A

free interactive phone based activity, organized locally

specifically targeted to isolated older adults

brain stimulating activities and engaging conversations

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16
Q

what percentage of canadians are experiencing dual sensory loss? how many in ontario?

A

1% = 466,420

211,250

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17
Q

what effects do hearing and vision impairment have on cognitive function?

A

hearing impairment: increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia

vision impairment: increased odds of poor cognitive function

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18
Q

what is one of the largest preventable/modifiable risk factors for dementia?

A

hearing loss

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19
Q

what is the low vision rehabilitation program?

A

vision targeted

in-person training, focused instructional sessions, involvement of a competent companion

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19
Q

what are the benefits of the low vision rehabilitation program? cons?

A

strategies developed based on input from individuals, companions, and multidisciplinary team members

loaner equipment to participants without access

cons:
- lack of inclusion for those with hearing deficits
- exclusion of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds

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20
Q

what is episodic memory? describe it

A

cognitive ability

encode, store, and retrieve information on personal experiences

age-sensitive

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21
Q

what are the 3 levels of memory loss?

A

age-associated memory loss

mild cognitive impairment

dementia

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22
Q

what is episodic retrieval?

A

episodic retrieval is the conscious recollection of information that has been stored and encoded

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23
Q

how is episodic specificity induction (ESI) tested?

A

free recall

recognition

associative recognition

means-ends problem solving

divergent creative thinking

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24
what is the hippocamera program?
improves episodic memory by using visual and audio cues to strengthen the encoding and retrieval of memories noninvasive approach to memory training that is convenient and easy to use for older adults
25
what are the benefits of the hippocamera program? cons?
pros: - 50% greater recall of details from events replayed using HippoCamera - improves emotional wellbeing - greater hippocampal activity - enjoyable reflection activity, deepens social connections, and promotes community building cons: - inaccessible to those without cell phones/those who have difficulty using technology - 65% of participants were female, must retest for generalizability
26
does duration of sleep correlate with cognitive decline?
yes. both short and long duration sleepers face greater cognitive decline and risk for cognitive impairments, including dementia
27
what percentage of older adults are affected by insomnia?
75%
28
who is at risk for insomnia in old age?
older women, individuals who are divorced or widowed, individuals with lower income or educational attainment
29
what type of intervention is favoured for older adults experiencing insomnia?
non-pharmacological interventions older adults are at higher risk for experiencing the medical and psychiatric effects of insomnia
30
what is the MBTI program?
MBTI reduces the severity of insomnia symptoms. composed of 8 weekly sessions with a focus on mindfulness and reflection.
31
what are the benefits of the MBTI program? cons?
pros: - effective in individual and group settings - stronger feeling of ownership - accessible cons: - individual acocuntability - unknown scale and longevity of impact
32
what existing instrument is used to assess quality of life for older adults aging in place?
none
33
issues of aging in place lay within which 3 domains?
informal caregivers/social network safety self-reliance
34
what is the finding your way program?
online platform providing a comprehensive overview of dementia risks, especially going missing. offers diverse preventative tools to best prepare persons with dementia, families, caregivers and communities advocating for a safe and supportive community environment
35
what are the 3 key features of the finding your way program?
Identification Tool Kit Free Online Course Interactive Simulator
36
what are the benefits of the finding your way program? cons?
pros: - supports for older adults and the community - promoting aging in place - offers many resources - practices consistent reduction of risks - accessible - interactive - free cons: - entirely online - memory and motor impairement - no tutorial on site navigation - technological barrier - requires wifi
37
on average, caregivers for older adults with dementia, spend how much time caring?
26hours a week
38
what are the 3 dimensions of caregiver burden?
stress burden (tension and anxiety) objective burden (time infringements) relationship burden
39
what is the stress busting program?
teach caregivers about stress and its effects practice stress-management techniques develop problem solving skills to cope with caregiving can be in person in the community or remote online
40
what are the benefits of the stress busting program? cons?
pros: - significant improvements in quality of life measures → 97.4% !! - enhanced social relationships and reduced isolation - empowered caregivers to gain their independence back - free program or relatively low cost - in person or online to meet personalized learning needs cons: - wait lists - only 2 languages offered - not in Canada
41
by how much can engaging in exercise lower the risk of dementia? risk of alzheimers?
dementia: 30% alzheimers: 45%
42
what is the minds in motion program?
hosted by alzheimers' society community based program for people diagnosed with Alzheimers & other forms of Dementia incorporates physical and mental stimulation care partners are encouraged to participate
43
what is the serious games program?
includes 4 components: access to games, cognitive skills selection, games and feedback no cost specifically short-term working memory and attentional skills results showed enhancement in both area
44
what are the benefits of the serious games program? cons?
pros: Removes Systemic Barrier of Cost/ user-interface Diversity Group of Older Adults Respects user privacy cons: Needs to have more challenging games (Cognitive Reserves)
45
why is the level of satisfaction of the Denmark's community co-housing program quite high?
it was designed in collaboration with residents
46
how common is hearing loss among older adults
1/3 among those 65-74 1/2 among those 75 and older
47
what is the cognitive load hypothesis?
individuals with hearing loss might need to allocate additional cognitive resources to compensate for reduced auditory input.
48
what is the common cause hypothesis?
theorizes that there is a common cause for both declines in sensory perception and cognitive abilities.
49
what is the cascade hypothesis?
hearing loss directly affects brain structure and causes brain atrophy due to lack of auditory input.
50
what is the recall initiative program?
Use of reminiscence therapy that promotes consistent prompted retrieval to encourage reactivation and reinforce memory Can target different available senses of a person to trigger stronger memory recollection. RT is a non-pharmacological intervention to improve cognition and memory, and recall, and overall mood. Shown to have therapeutic benefits for OAs, especially those with dementia or AD.
51
what are the benefits of the recall initiative program? cons?
pros: - Reduced amount of dropouts - Most effective long-term solution to strengthening memory - Combines social feedback with medical data = more precise cons: - Less accurate data from the small population size - Concerns about worldwide distributions - Limited healthcare resources for brain imaging
52
why are there nutrition concerns for aging populations?
older adults have insufficient minerals and nutrients sufficient micronutrients will increase costs by 49% in LTCs
53
what are the 3 key issues on nutrition among older adults
insufficient and vague policy poor meal planning and analysis lacking people and input to achieve goals
54
what is the ontario seniors nutrition and advocacy committee (OSNAC) program?
Innovatively enhances longterm care dining through relationship-centered practices and improved mealtime experiences for residents Gives you a breakdown of the changes to Menu Planning in Long-Term Care
55
what are the benefits of the ontario seniors nutrition and advocacy committee (OSNAC) program? cons?
patient centered care influential on a policy level overall holistic/multifaceted approach
56
what is the occupational therapy program?
Home-based, high-intensity, multicomponent OT intervention aids in the functional independence and cognitive function of older adults with mild Alzheimer's Disease in the activities of daily living.
57
what are the benefits of the occupational therapy program? cons?
pros: - improved functional independence and cognitive function - early intervention delays alzheimers progression - intervention in the home allows for aging in place cons: - extensive time and cost - only showed efficacy in older adults with mild alzheimers
58
what are the results of proper training for caregivers?
Improvement in physical health Improvement in psychological health Positive effects on sleeping habits Increased daytime activity
59
what is the REACH program?
Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregivers Health (REACH) Trained coaches to support caregivers Care planning, problem-solving, stress management Four one-hour sessions Highly personalized
60
what are the benefits of the REACH program? cons?
pros: - Extremely easy to implement - Targets each caregivers specific challenges - Has the option to be delivered remotely or online - Inclusive of racial and ethnic needs of majority and minority populations cons: - No randomization to a control group - Limitations due to funding → lack of financial support

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