week 1 Flashcards

Question

what are the types of developmental influences/factors?

Answer 1

normative age-graded influences normative history-graded influences nonnormative life events

Answer 2

biological or environmental events and occurrences that are associated with chronological age. (e.g. Puberty, Menopause) Influences can also be specific to the society in which people live. e.g. ages when most people go to school, marry, and retire from their jobs

Answer 3

can result from an event, or they can represent a more gradual evolution of societal structure. Examples of normative history-graded influences include epidemics, wars, and the state of the economy such as depression, recession, or prosperity.

Answer 4

do not affect all or even most members of society include being diagnosed with a rare illness, being involved in an accident, winning the lottery, becoming divorced from one’s spouse, and being either downsized or promoted at work.

Answer 5

suggest how people can adapt to the aging process to achieve an older adulthood that is successful and positive considering successful/positive aging in many domains—physical, sensory, perceptual, cognitive, personal, and social.

Answer 6

individuals engage in adaptation throughout their lives people are capable of learning and changing and calling upon extra (reserve – both physical and cognitive) capacity that they might not need to use under ordinary circumstances gains and losses stems from the life-span developmental perspective optimization and compensation. For example, if memory falters, a person might compensate by keeping a list of things to remember. If visual or hearing is less sharp, a person might compensate by using glasses or a hearing aid.

Answer 7

interaction between a person and his or her environment results in some level of adaptation, which is measured in terms of a person’s emotional (affective) well-being and behavior person can be characterized in terms of competence, which can be measured by that person’s physical, sensory, cognitive, and social capabilities. environment can be defined in terms of challenge, or press, which can be measured in terms of its physical demands, as well as the level of sensory, intellectual, or social stimulation that is available. Rather than considering the older adult as a passive responder to the environment, the older adult is viewed as capable of initiating interactions with the environment. individual who is high in competence will be able to identify and shape resources that are potentially available in the environment

Answer 8

Normative Aging: focuses on behavioral functioning considered to be normal Successful Aging: a distinction can be made between an average, or usual, outcome and an ideal outcome. Positive Aging: a person can experience happiness and well-being even in the face of objective adversity.

Answer 9

antediluvian: notion that people used to live longer in the past hyperborean: belief that longevity was achieved in remote areas myth of the fountain of youth and power of healing waters

Answer 10

hippocrates believed in "minimal medication", cure the patient with food and rest, not chemicals etc

Answer 11

seneca believed that old age was an incurable disease but could be postponed by diet and exercise

Answer 12

earliest description of care of older adults is of the monasteries in egypt where monks cared for their aging brothers and also offered assistance to those outside

Answer 13

algizar wrote books on medicine and health in old age, on forgetfulness, and how to improve memory. some consider him the father of clinical gerontology

Answer 14

monasteries offered hospitality for travelers, custodial care for the poor/old/diseased, and infirmary accommodation for feeble, crippled elderly. had the first nurses, social workers, and specialist medical units. emphasis was on care rather than cure

Answer 15

maclachan questioned the wisdom of many contemporary medical practices – he said that blood-letting was irrational and absurd; mercury was poisonous and could be fatal; digitalis was to be given in small doses, etc. he suggested non-drug alternatives – walking and riding, eating fresh vegetables. he noted that those who lived long were usually early risers and good walkers. He argued that ‘‘There is no organ or vital operation which is not benefited by exercise’’.

Answer 16

1 ) high birthrate and deathrate - large proportion of young members, small amount of older adults 2 ) deathrate decreases - size of population grows, but young members predominate 3 ) birthrate decreases - increased proportion of older adults 4 ) extremely low birthrates and deathrates - minimal population growth - proportion of people in different age categories is similar

Answer 17

men usually marry women younger than themselves. women tend to live longer than men. as a result, married women lose their spouses more often than married men do. older men who lose their spouses are more likely to remarry than older women who lose their spouses.

Answer 18

while women live longer than men do on average, older women are more frequently afflicted with chronic health problems, such as arthritis and osteoporosis (thinning of the bones), that restrict their mobility. furthermore, older women are more likely than older men to live alone, so older women are to experience greater difficulty if they do suffer from limitations in functioning. - they need care more but are more likely to live alone compared to men

week 1 Flashcards

(42 cards)