leaves Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
Chlorenchyma, flat thinleaf
A
Photosynthesis
2
Q
the process by which plant loses water to serve the following purposes:
a. Continuous uptake of water
b. Cooling effects
c. Controls degree of saturation of cell with water
A
Transpiration
3
Q
Economic uses of Leaves
A
Food
Herbs
Beverages
Teas
Drug uses
4
Q
Uses of Leaves
A
Insecticides
Waxes
Aromatic Oils
Medical uses
5
Q
Part of leaves
A
Lamina/ leaf blade
Petiole/stalk
6
Q
flat, light harvestingportion
A
Lamina/ leaf blade
7
Q
holds blade out into thelight
A
Petiole/stalk
8
Q
With petiole
A
PETIOLATE
9
Q
Without petiole
A
SESSILE
10
Q
with one blade only
A
simple
11
Q
a blade divided into leaflets
or pinnae or pinnule
A
compound
11
Q
extension of the petiole to which the leaflets are attached
A
rachis
12
Q
leaflets attach to individual rachis by petiolule
A
PINNATELY COMPOUND
13
Q
leaflets attach to same point
A
PALMATELY COMPOUND
14
Q
no stipule
A
Exstipulate
15
Q
with stipule
A
- Stipulate –
16
Q
Has petiole
With stipules that
protect shoot apical
meristem while leaf is
young
A
DICOT LEAF
17
Q
Has leaf sheath
Has ligules
A
MONOCOT LEAF
18
Q
one order of rachis
A
SIMPLE PINNATELY COMPOUND
19
Q
-Bundles of vascular tissue
-distribute water from stem into leaf & collect
sugar produced and carry them to the stem
A
VEINS
20
Q
leaf edge
A
MARGIN
21
Q
outer end of leaf lamina
opposite end of the petiole
A
APEX
22
Q
three leaflets
A
trifoliate
23
Q
four leaflets
A
quadri/tetrafoliate
24
two orders of rachis
primary leaflet and secondary leaflet
BIPINNATELY COMPOUND LEAF
25
with 5 or more leaflets
pentafoliate
26
a compound leaf of having three order
TRIPINNATELY COMPOUND LEAF
27
three order of
rachises:
o primary rachis
o secondary rachis
o tertiary rachis
28
arrangement of leaves on the stem
PHYLLOTAXY
29
leaflets are attached to the end of the petiole
PALMATELY COMPOUND LEAVES
30
types of PALMATELY COMPOUND LEAVES
bifoliate
trifoliate
quadri/tetrafoliate
pentafoliate
31
two leaflets
bifoliate
32
one leaf per node
ALTERNATE
33
two leaves opposite at one node
OPPOSITE
34
one leaf per node but spiral arrangement
SPIRAL
34
three or more leaves around a node
WHORLED
35
- subclassification of spiral
- exactly 90 degrees difference of leaf
arrangement
DECUSSATE
36
arrangement of veins on the blade
VENATION
37
three types NETTED VENATION
pinnately netted
radiately netted
palmately netted
38
-also called reticulate venation
-branching of the veins
NETTED VENATION
39
principal veins arise
from the base of the blade
palmately netted
40
veins arise from the
midrib
pinnately netted
41
principal veins arise
form the center of the blade
radiately netted
42
different types
PARALLEL VENATION
parallel to the midrib
palmately parallel
acute angle to the midrib
perpendicular to the midrib
43
one direction of veins
PARALLEL VENATION
44
* With cutin
* Flat epidermal cells, with guard cells,
trichomes
* High # stomata in lower epidermis
EPIDERMIS
45
prevents rapid air movement, prevents water
loss from stomata; protection
Trichomes (glandular or non-glandular)
46
* kidney-shaped, chlorophyllous epidermal cells
GUARD CELLS
47
* areas where epidermis is depressed into the
leaf
* filled w/ trichomes & stomata, at lower surface
of leaf
* decrease air movement near stomata to
prevent water from evaporating
STOMATAL CRYPTS
47
* Ground tissues interior to the leaf epidermis
* Has two parts: palisade parenchyma and
spongy mesophyll
MESOPHYLL
48
* Uppermost, main photosynthetic tissue
* 1 layer thick, cells are separated, increases
exposure to CO2
PALISADE PARENCHYMA
49
* Open, loose aerenchyma that permits CO2 to
diffuse rapidly from stomata into all parts of leaf
SPONGY MESOPHYLL
50
* Between palisade and spongy mesophyll
VASCULAR TISSUE
51
* important in releasing water from xylem and
loading sugar into phloem
MINOR VEINS
52
* fibers arranged as a sheath around the
vascular tissue
BUNDLE SHEATHS
53
* mass of fibers above or below (or both) the
veins
BUNDLE SHEATH EXTENSION
53
gives rigidity and additional means by
which water moves from the bundle out to the
mesophyll
Fibers
54
* Serves as transition between the stem and the
leaf blade
PETIOLE
54
similar to that on the lamina but
often contains fewer stomata and trichomes
Epidermis
55
may bears two small flaps of tissue at its base
stipules
56
* vascular bundles which exit the stem and diverge to
the petiole
LEAF TRACES
57
* detachment area of leaves from the stem;
releases enzymes w/c weaken their walls
ABSCISSION ZONE
58
* leaf aging due to breakdown of chlorophyll,
sugars and loss of photosynthetic ability
SENESCENCE
59
* protective scar tissue across wound after leaf
fa
LEAF SCAR
60
* thick and fleshy, reduced surface-to-volume
ratio
* with water storage parenchyma
SUCCULENT LEAVES
61
have few intercellular spaces
=↓evaporative surface area = transparent
Mesophylls
62
* pair of succulent leaves
DINTERANTHUS
62
* spherical succulent leaves
SENECIO
63
* pair of translucent leaves acting as optical
fiber, allows light to enter, even leaves are
underground
LITHOPS
64
* Thick sclerenchyma = resistant to animals,
fungi, freezing temp and UV
* Very thick cuticle
* Lives for 2 or more years
* Sclerophylls - leaves
SCLEROPHYLLOUS FOLIAGE
65
* leaf blade curl
* ex. Sundew that has glandular trichomes that
secretes a sticky digestive fluid) or close (ex.
Venus flytrap that has motor cells, margins with
interdigitating teeth and short glands that
secrete digestive fluid)
o other example: Drosera - sundrew
ACTIVE TRAP
66
Contains cells that can sense contact with other
objects
* side facing the object stop growing, then, the other
side elongate --- coil
* no lamina
* Support
TENDRILS
67
* digest insects and obtain nitrogen for their
amino acid and nucleotides
INSECT TRAPS
67
* Leaves are sclerophylls
* extremely thick cuticle and the cells of
epidermis have thick walls
LEAVES OF CONIFER
68
occur in all pines, firs, and
spruces
Needles
68
Agathis, Araucaria, and
Podocarpus
Scale-like
69
* incapable of movement
* ex. Pitcher plant that has tubular lamina that
secretes water digestive fluid
PASSIVE TRAP
70
* One of the most common modification of
leaves
* Forms to protect dormant shoot apical
meristems by forming a tight layer around the
stem tip
* small and rarely compound
* petiole is either short or absent
* frequently produce a thin layer of corky bark
BUD SCALES
70
* Produce plantlets
ADVENTITIOUS BUDS / REPRODUCTIVE
LEAVES
71
* For attraction
* Examples:
o Poinsettia
o Mussaenda
o Bougainvillea
Anthurium – colored spathe
COLORED LEAVES
72
* Aerenchymatous leaf base for buoyancy and
support
FLOATS
73
* Supporting leaf bases
* For support
PSEUDOTRUNKS
74
* display “thigmonasty” or sensitivity to touch for
protection
MOTILE LEAVES
75
tropic response to
touch
Thigmotropic response –
76
* For added photosynthesis
EXPANDED LEAF-LIKE PETIOLE OR STIPULE
