leaves stems roots

Question 1

what is the the main job of leaves and what does it need

Answer 1

Main job is to perform photosynthesis
Needs light, H2O and CO2

Question 2

which organelle to leaves absorb energy in? What do they contain?

Answer 2

absorbs energy in chloroplast which contains photopigments

Question 3

what is the gas exchange function of leaves and protection?

Answer 3

Gas exchange: take in carbon dioxide and remove oxygen + water vapour

Protection: from herbivore

Question 4

what does the viens vascular system consist of?

Answer 4

Xylem
and
Phloem

Question 5

What is Xylem in leaves vascular system and where is it found

Answer 5

a) Hollow tubes that
carry water
b) Found in the outside part of veins

Question 6

What is Phleom in leaves vascular system and where is it found

Answer 6

Carry food materials
from leaves to other parts

found Inside part of vein

Question 7

what is the Petiole part of leaf

Answer 7

Stalk connecting leaf to stem

Question 8

what is the blade part the leaf

Answer 8

flat portion of the leaf

Question 9

what is the cuticle part of leaf

Answer 9

Waxy, waterproof layer on outer surface

Prevents water loss and provides layer of protection (against bacteria etc)

Question 10

what is the Epidermis layer of the leaf

Answer 10

Outermost layer Non-photosynthetic and
transparent

Question 11

what is the Mesophyll layer of leaf and what do their cells contain

Answer 11

Middle of leaf

Cells contain chloroplasts;photosynthetic
cells

Vascular bundles (veins) are embedded

Question 12

what are the two types of mesophyll cells
explain them

Answer 12

Palisade cells
Layer of columnar cells under
upper epidermis
Most photosynthesis occurs here

Spongy Cells
Layer of irregular shaped cells above
lower epidermis
Spaces between cells aid in gas exchang

Question 13

what is the stomata part of the leaf

Answer 13

pores that regulate the diffusion of CO2 and H2O

Question 14

what are the guard cells of the leaves

Answer 14

Pair of cells that regulate gas and water
exchange with the air

Question 15

what do plants use leaf specialization for?
what does nicotine in leaves do?

Answer 15

used for protection

Nicotine is produce by tobacco leaves to deter herbivores

Question 16

Some plants (gymnosperms) have chemicals which prevent them from what

Answer 16

prevent their cell from freezing in the winter

Question 17

what do humans use nutrition from leaves, waxy cuticle, and toxins for ?
and what do leaves that produce psychotropic chemicals do?

Answer 17

Nutrition
Dark leafy greens have minerals and vitamins

Waxy cuticle used to make polishes for cars and furniture

Toxins made by leaves can be used to kill cancer cells (e.g., Vincristine)

Some leaves produce psychotropic chemicals meaning they alter the mind (e.g., marijuana )

Question 18

what are the functions of stems

Answer 18

stems Support leaves

Transport materials through plant body

Raise leaves to expose to sunlight

Some store food

Question 19

what are Herbaceous Stems

Answer 19

Contain soft, green, juicy tissues
Found in plants that live for less than two years

Question 20

what are Woody Stems

Answer 20

Contain thick, tough tissue (wood)
Found in plants that live for more than 2 years (trees and shrub)

Question 21

explain Herbaceous Stems in monocots and dicots

Answer 21

In monocots
Vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) scattered throughout the stem ie. Corn

In dicots
-Vascular bundles are in rings in cortex
-Vascular bundles consist of outer phloem and inner xylem
ie. Bean

Question 22

What causes woody stems grow width

Answer 22

due to vascular cambium

Question 23

explain woody stems in monocots and dicots

Answer 23

In monocots
Vascular bundles are scattered throughout stem
ie. palm tree

In dicots
-Annual rings are present
-new xylem produced each growing season
Ie. Maple tre

Question 24

what are the parts of woody stem

Answer 24

1. Pith —storage
2. Wood- transport of water (
3. Vascular cambium (produces xylem and phloem, responsible for increasing width)
4. Bark- all tissues outside the
   vascular cambium (phloem, cork cambium and cork)
5. Cork cambium: produces cork
6. Cork- protection from environment

Question 25

what are the human uses of stems

Answer 25

1) Fuel: wood and ethanol 2) Food: sugar cane 3) Dyes 4) Medicine:pain reliever salicylic acid 5) Textiles:bamboo used in clothing

Question 26

what are functions of the roots

Answer 26

-Anchor Plant preventing erosion -Support stem -Absorb water and minerals from soil -store starch made from leaves

Question 27

what is the fibrous root system

Answer 27

large number of branched, slender roots called lateral roots (monocot)

Question 28

what is the tap root system

Answer 28

-one large root (dicot) -covered in little root hairs -Carrots, beets, turnips

Question 29

what are roots made for

Answer 29

-absorbing water and nutrients, -anchoring plant -storing carbohydrates

Question 30

what do plants have to help or absorb nutrients

Answer 30

plants have a mutualistic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi

Question 31

what does fungi release and what does it do

Answer 31

fungi releases digestive enzymes that break down organic matter that plants absorb and then fungi gets carbohydrates

Question 32

roots have a relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria what is it

Answer 32

-Bacteria convert nitrogen from air into a form the plant can use -bacteria receives carbohydrates made by plant

Question 33

human use of roots

Answer 33

-Food -Drinks Dyes Medicine Kava Kava :root reduces anxiety Valerian :root used to relieve insomnia

Question 34

what part of the woody stems is responsible for increasing width?

Answer 34

Vascular cambium