LEC 1 - Laparotomy Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the most common approach to a laparotomy?
Ventral midline
What are alternative approaches that you can take when doing a laparotomy?
Flank
Paracostal
Paramedian
What is another name for the linea alba?
Tendinous aponeurosis
What is the holding layer with a laparotomy?
External rectus sheath
What are the boundaries of a laparotomy incision?
Xiphoid to pubis
What type of skin incision is done in male dogs for a laparotomy?
Parapreutial skin incision, still will remain on midline
What are the three layers that you must cut through to get to the abdomen?
Skin > Subcutis > Linea alba
What is the extra layer that you have to cut through in male dogs?
Preputialis muscle and branch of caudal superficial epigastric vein
What retractors can be used in a laparotomy?
Balfour abdominal retractors
What are the four quadrants of a laparotomy?
Cranial, Caudal, Intestinal tract, and right/left gutters
What is within the cranial quadrant?
Diphragm, esophageal hiatus, liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, stomach, pylorus, duodenum, spleen, pancreas, portal vein, caudal vena cava, and hepatic artery
What is in the caudal quadrant?
Descending colon, urinary bladder, urethra, prostate/uterus, and inguinal rings
What are the components of the intestinal tract
Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Colon, Vasculature, and lymph nodes
What is in the gutter quadrants?
Kidneys, Adrenals, Ureters, Ovaries
What can be used in the gutter as retractors?
Mesoduodenum and colon
What does the mesoduodenum retract?
Right gutter
What does the descending colon retract?
Left gutter
When would you do an FNA biopsy?
Mass too large or in a scary place, would want to do a gull biopsy otherwise because FNA is a lower yield test.
What are three types of incisional biopsies?
Standard, punch, and guillotine
How is a guillotine biopsy done?
Use suture to crush tissue/blood supply before excising tip of suture
What does an excisional biopsy entail?
Removing all of the affected organ
What structures should you be very careful about taking samples from?
Esophagus, colon, pancreas, kidney, prostate, adrenals, urethra, ureter, or biliary system
