LEC 1 - Laparotomy

Question 1

What is the most common approach to a laparotomy?

Answer 1

Ventral midline

Question 2

What are alternative approaches that you can take when doing a laparotomy?

Answer 2

Flank
Paracostal
Paramedian

Question 3

What is another name for the linea alba?

Answer 3

Tendinous aponeurosis

Question 4

What is the holding layer with a laparotomy?

Answer 4

External rectus sheath

Question 5

What are the boundaries of a laparotomy incision?

Answer 5

Xiphoid to pubis

Question 6

What type of skin incision is done in male dogs for a laparotomy?

Answer 6

Parapreutial skin incision, still will remain on midline

Question 7

What are the three layers that you must cut through to get to the abdomen?

Answer 7

Skin > Subcutis > Linea alba

Question 8

What is the extra layer that you have to cut through in male dogs?

Answer 8

Preputialis muscle and branch of caudal superficial epigastric vein

Question 9

What retractors can be used in a laparotomy?

Answer 9

Balfour abdominal retractors

Question 10

What are the four quadrants of a laparotomy?

Answer 10

Cranial, Caudal, Intestinal tract, and right/left gutters

Question 11

What is within the cranial quadrant?

Answer 11

Diphragm, esophageal hiatus, liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, stomach, pylorus, duodenum, spleen, pancreas, portal vein, caudal vena cava, and hepatic artery

Question 12

What is in the caudal quadrant?

Answer 12

Descending colon, urinary bladder, urethra, prostate/uterus, and inguinal rings

Question 13

What are the components of the intestinal tract

Answer 13

Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Colon, Vasculature, and lymph nodes

Question 14

What is in the gutter quadrants?

Answer 14

Kidneys, Adrenals, Ureters, Ovaries

Question 15

What can be used in the gutter as retractors?

Answer 15

Mesoduodenum and colon

Question 16

What does the mesoduodenum retract?

Answer 16

Right gutter

Question 17

What does the descending colon retract?

Answer 17

Left gutter

Question 18

When would you do an FNA biopsy?

Answer 18

Mass too large or in a scary place, would want to do a gull biopsy otherwise because FNA is a lower yield test.

Question 19

What are three types of incisional biopsies?

Answer 19

Standard, punch, and guillotine

Question 20

How is a guillotine biopsy done?

Answer 20

Use suture to crush tissue/blood supply before excising tip of suture

Question 21

What does an excisional biopsy entail?

Answer 21

Removing all of the affected organ

Question 22

What structures should you be very careful about taking samples from?

Answer 22

Esophagus, colon, pancreas, kidney, prostate, adrenals, urethra, ureter, or biliary system