Lec 1 + Lec 2 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Herman Ebbinghaus
first person to demonstrate that it was possible
to study memory experimentally
Used nonsense words, and himself as the participant.
* Developed the classic forgetting curve
Memory formation process
Sensory memory takes in incoming information if it is attended to it goes into the short term memory, then if it is rehearsed enough it can be encoded into long term memory
What brain areas are involved in making emotional memories form quickly
Cortisol activates the amygdala and hippocampus;
enhances consolidation of recent experiences
Example of Association, double dissociation and explanation of them
Person has damage to area A which impairs task A = association between task A and area A
Person with damage to area B impairs task B but task A remains good = double dissociation between area A and area B
What is convergence
the approach of combining results from multiple experimental paradigms to provide support for a single theoretical concept
Diffusion weighted MRI or Diffusion Tensor Imaging
looks at the diffusion of water molecules across various pathways in the brain
Optogenetic
technique that allows for the ability to increase activity in targeted neurons that shines light within the brain
limited by complex behaviors like memory that are depend on many parts of the brain
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp to temporarily stop neurons below
limited to areas close to the surface of the brain and the fact that it effects a fairly large portion of the brain
EEG
Records electrical activity produced by various brain regions
limited by measuring areas near the scalp and hard to measure due to unreliability of self reports
MEG
Similar to EEG but measures faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity and is more sensitive to activity in sulci(grooves) and has a good temporal resolution
Blocked designs
A series of stimuli and/or tasks occurs in active
block of time, with block of rest in between
A subtraction is made: Active – Rest
this is done to get rid of unwanted brain activity unrelated with when the brain is at rest
Assumes pure insertion: a single action can be altered in between activity and rest, this usually fails to take into account the nonlinearity of brain functions
Multi-voxel pattern analysis
looks at smaller areas of various regions of the brain to find differences in brain activity when doing two similar tasks.
i.e. remembering words vs remembering faces
similar regions of the brains are utilized but when looking closely activity is presented differently in those brain areas
Tetanic stimuli
when you have 15 stim pathway per second for 10 seconds
How do short term memories physically move to the cortex
short term memories which are in the hippocampus need to move to the cortex. these signals leave via axons of pyramidal cells which form the fimbria fornix
ie. fimbria fornix is the cable connecting hippocamp and cortex
