Lec 3 Short-term and Working memory

Question 1

The Phonological Loop and its components

Answer 1

Stores speech like information

Short-term store: Limited capacity where items decay in a few seconds

Articulatory rehearsal process: Items in short term store refreshed by rehearsal

Question 2

Phonological similarity effect and when does it stop applying?

Answer 2

when words sound similar it makes it hard to remember

this also doesnt apply anymore when list length gets really long or several trials are done cuz participants may switch to a different encoding system

this doesn’t apply when things mean the same thing its the acc sound of the word

Question 3

Word length effect

Answer 3

long words take longer to rehearse and also produce lower memory spans

Question 4

Effect of sounds on memory/working memory(irrelevant sound effect)

Answer 4

white noise is okay doesnt distract much but other noise distracts and disrupts working memory (turning down music when looking for address in car)

Question 5

free recall and how to remember it better

also what is the recency effect and primacy effect

Answer 5

if you read stuff fast you dont remember as well, if you read slowly you can make connections between words and that helps you remember

u usually remember things in the beginning and ends of lists

Question 6

Deficits in STM

Answer 6

Visual STM and verbal STM are different and people can have deficits in one and not the other

For STM they can have only digit span of 2

Question 7

Working memory and the modal model

Answer 7

Environmental input -> Sensory registers (sound, sight, feel) -> Short term -> Rehearsal -> Long term

Question 8

Multicomponent Model

Answer 8

• Phonological loop
  holds phonological items (reading, hearing, saying)
• Visuo-spatial sketchpad
  holds visual and spatial information
• Central executive
  selects and manipulates information in the other systems and is controlled by attention

Question 9

Episodic Buffer

Answer 9

a storage system that works along with the visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop that holds apprx 4 chunks of information

allows u to bind information together ie. visual + audio + LTM
basically lets you put things together from different memories and information

Question 10

What is chunking

Answer 10

grouping numbers or letters together to help with memory ie. phone numbers