Lec 4 Learning

Question 1

Herman Ebbinghaus

Answer 1

First person to demonstrate it was possible to study learning and memory experimentally

did this via making nonsense words and tried to remember them. Used different ways to remember the nonsense words

this lead to him developing the forgetting curve

Question 2

Total time hypothesis

Answer 2

total amount learned depends on the time spent learning

in other words the more repetitions during the initial learning period the longer time u retain the information

Question 3

How to develop mastery?

Answer 3

Deliberate/purposeful practice: specific goals, full focus, immediate feedback, discomfort

this type of practice actually lead to increased cortical thickness and myelination

Question 4

Generation effect

Answer 4

Items that the learner generates themselves (instead of being reminded) from memory are remembered better

Question 5

Importance of testing(when learning)

Answer 5

giving a test trial with feedback for the learner is more effective for retention compared to just giving the learner extra time to study

Question 6

latent inhibition

Answer 6

phenomenon where multiple prior presentations of a neutral stimulus will interfere with its involvement in later conditioning

Question 7

Priming

Answer 7

presenting an item has an effect on their perception
ie Fill in the missing word
Red, Blue, Gr_ _ _
Apple, Pear, Gr _ _ _

Question 8

Procedural learning

Answer 8

learning of complex information in an incidental manner without conscious awareness of what has been learned (riding a bike, learning grammar)

Question 9

What neural mechanisms underlie LTP

Answer 9

Both pre and post synaptic factors are involved