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Zool 224 > Lec 11 part b > Flashcards

Lec 11 part b Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Polyteriformes

Extant species

A

11-13 species of Polypterus (bichirs)

1 species of Erpetoichthys (reedfish)

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2
Q

Polyteriformes Habitat

A

North and central Asia

Quiet and somewhat stagnant freshwater

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3
Q

Polyteriformes Diet

A

Bichirs are ambush piscivores

Reedfish mainly hunt invertebrates

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4
Q

Polyteriformes Diagnostic features

A

Long slender, eel like body

Accessory air-breathing organ

Series of dorsal finlets instead of single dorsal fin

Ganoid scales

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5
Q

Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae(sturgeon) extant species

A

25 species in four genera

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6
Q

Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae habitat

A

Fresh and epicontinental water from the northern hemisphere

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7
Q

Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae diet

A

Carnivore

Suction feeder

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8
Q

Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae (paddlefish)

Extant species

A

1 species from Polyodon

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9
Q

Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae (paddlefish)

Habitat

A

Freshwater from the USA

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10
Q

Acipenseriformes: Polyodontidae (paddlefish)

Diet

A

Filter feeder using gill rackers

The now extinct Chinese is a suction carnivore

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11
Q

Acipenseriformes

Diagnostic features

A

Relatively large body

Notochord is not replace

Most of the skeleton is cartilaginous, though it could be partially ossified

Carry bony armor plates under skin

Flat rostrum capable of electroreception

Highly asymmetrical heterocercal caudal fin

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12
Q

Additional features in paddlefish

A

Bony armor plates are star shape, termed stellate bones

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13
Q

Holostei: Lepisosteiformes

Extant species

A

7 Species of gars in two genera (Lepisosteus and Aractosteus)

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14
Q

Holostei: Lepisosteiformes

Habitat

A

Quiet and stagnant freshwater from North and Central America

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15
Q

Holostei: Lepisosteiformes

Diet

A

Ambush piscivore

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16
Q

Holostei: Lepisosteiformes

Diagnostic features

A

Somewhat slender body, can grow to several meters

Modified heterocercal caudal fin

A single gas bladder with some capacity for respiration

Thick ganoid scale

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17
Q

Holostei: Amiiformes

Extant species

A

1 species, Amia calva

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18
Q

Holostei: Amiiformes

Habitat

A

Low hydrodynamic freshwater environment

Found from eastern North America, including Quebec

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19
Q

Holostei: Amiiformes

Diet

A

Carnivorous predator capable of suction feeding

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20
Q

Holostei: Amiiformes

Diagnostic features

A

Bony gular plate between lower jaws

Modified heterocercal caudal fins

A single gas bladder with some capacity for respiration

Secondarily reduced ganoid scales (enamel layer is absent)

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21
Q

Teleostei

A

Contain more than 95 percent of known extant actinopterygians

Adapted to a wide range of environment

Hox duplications may have occurred near the origin of teleosts

Many examples of homology and analogy

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22
Q

Diagnostic features of teleost

A

Modified heterocercal and homocercal caudal fins

Fin rays are typically long and flexible

Highly protrusible jaws connected by skin fold

Pharyngeal teeth on the mobile branchial arches

Carry cycloid or ctenoid scales

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23
Q

Teleostei: Osteoglossmorpha

Diagnostic features

A

Lower part of the hyoid arch carry true teeth

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24
Q

Teleostei: Elopomorpha

Species

A

Over 800 species, mostly from the clade Anguilliformes

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25
Teleostei: Elopomorpha Habitat
Mostly marine dwellers, but some live in freshwater after reaching adult stage
26
Teleostei: Elopomorpha Diet
Typical carnivorous predators
27
Teleostei: Elopomorpha Diagnostic features Unique, shared development
Leptocephalus larval stage in marine environment Often shrink during metamorphosis into juvenile before reaching adulthood
28
Teleostei: Elopomorpha Diagnostic features Diverse adult forms- Anguilliformes
Long slender body Usually lack pelvic fins, and sometimes pectoral fins as well Typically has highly mobile pharyngeal jaw
29
Teleostei: Elopomorpha Diagnostic features Diverse adult forms- Non-Anguilliformes
Have a more typical actinopterygian body form
30
Otocephala Clupeomorpha Species
About 400 species
31
Otocephala Clupeomorpha Habitat
Mostly marine Some species are anadromous
32
Otocephala Clupeomorpha Diet
Adult, feed on plankton
33
Otocephala Clupeomorpha Diagnostic features
Silvery, teleost body shape Often lack lateral line, except on the head Tend to form large schools in fish
34
Octocephala: Ostariophysi Species
Over 10k species Mostly from the clade Otophysi Make up 80 percent of freshwater actinopterygian species
35
Octocephala: Ostariophysi Diagnostic features
Alarm substance in the skin (Schrekstoff) Members of Otophysi have a Weberian apparatus (series of bones connecting the gas bladder to inner hear, for improved hearing
36
Schrekstoff alarm
Highly sensitive Can be detected from fresh wounds Can be detected from fecal matters of predators
37
Ostariphysi: Siluriformes Species
Over 2800 species
38
Ostariphysi: Siluriformes Habitat
Almost all species are freshwater dwellers Found worldwide, including southern Canada
39
Ostariphysi: Siluriformes Diet
Omnivore with a wide range
40
Ostariphysi: Siluriformes Diagnostic features
Have sensory barbels around the jawed mouth Often carry adipose fin caudal to the dorsal fin Most species have small body, but some can grow beyond 3m Most have bony plates and fin spines for protection (may be venomous)
41
Ostariphysi: Cypriniformes Species
About 4k species including zebrafish
42
Ostariphysi: Cypriniformes Habitat
Almost all species are freshwater dwellers Found worldwide except South America and Australia
43
Ostariphysi: Cypriniformes Diet
Specialized for suction feeding
44
Ostariphysi: Cypriniformes Diagnostic features
Lack oral teeth
45
Ostariphysi: Gymnotiformes Species
Over 100 species
46
Ostariphysi: Gymnotiformes Habitat
Freshwater dwellers North and South America
47
Ostariphysi: Gymnotiformes Diet
Most are carnivorous
48
Ostariphysi: Gymnotiformes Diagnostic features
Body tapers toward the caudal fin, resembling a knife Capable of electrogenesis. At least on species (electric eel Gymnotus electicus) can generate a powerful discharge
49
Teleostei: Euteleostei Species
Over 20k species traditionally classified into over 300 families
50
Teleostei: Euteleostei Diagnostic features
Anatomical, functional, and behavior diversity provide few, if any, clear diagnostic features
51
Euteleostei: Salmoniformes Species
Over 200
52
Euteleostei: Salmoniformes Habitat
Most are anadromous marine dwellers, but some are fully freshwater North and South America
53
Euteleostei: Salmoniformes Diet
Most are omnivorous predators
54
Euteleostei: Salmoniformes Diagnostic features
Typically have an adipose fin caudal to the dorsal fin
55
Euteleostei: Esociformes Species
About 10
56
Euteleostei: Esociformes Habitat
Freshwater dwellers Northern Hemisphere
57
Euteleostei: Esociformes Diet
Ambush carnivorous predators
58
Euteleostei: Esociformes Diagnostic features
Dorsal and anal fins positioned close to the caudal fin (they act collectively to provide a powerful lunge)
59
Euteleostei: Acanthomorpha Habitat
Freshwater and marine dwellers
60
Euteleostei: Acanthomorpha Diagnostic features
Carry spines on dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins Physoclistous connection with the gas bladder Maxilla lacks teeth All have ctenoid scales Pectoral fins positioned dorsally on the trunk, and pelvic fin positioned nearly ventral to the pectoral fin
61
Pleuronectiformes
Bottom dwellers with compressed body Specialized development in which left/right eye migrate to the other side of the body
62
Exocoetidae
Enlarged pectoral fins and heterocercal caudal fin for prolonged gliding
63
Xiphiidae
Sharp, elongated rostrum for hunting fish
64
Ostrciidae
Rigid body with bony armor and/or spines Spines can be venomous
65
Gobiiformes
Multiple air breathing adaptation
66
Ipnops murrayi (sleepy eye)
Enlarged, naked retina
67
Chaunacidae
Modified paired fins for "walking" and stabilizing body on substrates

Zool 224 (12 decks)

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