Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

kin 211 > lec 13 - 14 v2 > Flashcards

lec 13 - 14 v2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we assess learning?

A

we separate temporary performance from learning effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

to separate temporary performance from learning effects is to assess what

A

learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

to assess learning, what do we have to separate?

A

temporary performance from learning effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is retention

A

retention: the persistence of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the persistence of performance

A

retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is transfer

A

transfer: the generalizability of learned skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the best method of measuring learning

A

absolute retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the absolute retention method of assessing learning

A

absolute retention: a measure of learning that compares best performance from the first trial to second???

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which method of measuring learning do we use for compaing different groups?

A

absolute retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the absolute retention method good for

A

comparing across different groups and conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the relative retention method of learning

A

a method of learning that looks at forgetting, or memory consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is relative retention not a good method of measuring learning

A

because it is sensitive to temporary factors, such as fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which method of learning do we look at if we want to measure forgetting

A

relative retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is transfer of practice

A

refers to how well prior experience of a skill transfers to another skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what term do we give gains in transfer of practice

A

enhancement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what term do we give a loss in transfer of practice

A

interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why are brain training methods not super ideal for transfer of practice?

A

there is limited evidence that it helps, likely due to the fact that the practice is not done in real life scenarios with sport stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is zero sum training

A

A lack of transfer that is not effective and takes longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the word for a lack of transfer that also wastes time

A

zero sum training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

for every minute spent in an ineffective training method, what is this equal to in time in an effective method

A

one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do we calculate time savings

A

we look at the difference in the # of trials at the same level of performance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what designs of measuring learning can we use

A
  1. retention
  2. transfer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the subcategories of retention measures

A

absolute or relative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the subcategories of transfer measures

A

positive or negative. aka gain of transfer or loss of transfer aka enhancement or interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with the concept of zero sum training? a) Negative transfer b) Lack of transfer c) Relative transfer d) Time waste e) Ineffective practice method
relative transfer
26
is lack or gain in transfer considered absolute or relative?
relative retention
27
what is the law of practice
more practice is better for learning
28
what law corresponds to the idea that more practice is better for learning
law of practice
29
what is a key component of the law of practice
it is not just more practice, but more quality practice.
30
what is important about the 10,000 hour rule
it has to be deliberate practice!!
31
what are the characteristics of deliberate practice
1. challenges the individual 2. effortful, but rest is important. 3. variability and mistakes 4. repetition of practice
32
is individual or group practice considered the most deliberate
individual
33
what distinguishes elite vs less elite skilled people
the # of hours spent in deliberate practice, often individual hours/practice
34
how do we differentiate deliberate practice from competition or deliberate play?
deliberate practice has the goal to improve competition is the goal to perform play is the goal to enjoy
35
what is the prediction we make from the deliberate practice theory
we theorize that performance can be predicted from hours accumulated in deliberate practice activities
36
what methods can we use to test how deliberate practice affects performance
1. practice history data with surveys/interviews 2. longitudinal follow up of athletes
37
by the age of 12, what do we look at to predict talent?
we look at individual practice hours accumulated
38
by the age of 16, what do we look at to predict skill level
hours accumulated in group practice
39
when comparing elite vs sub elite players, how much time do they devote to deliberate practice?
elite = 50% sub elite = 25%
40
define deliberate practice
deliberate practice: mentally effortful practice, designed to improve performance with repetition and mistakes
41
what are the subcategories of distribution of practice
1. massed practice 2. distributed practice
42
what is massed practice
massed practice: a type of practice distribution that has sessions close together with little to no rest between periods
43
what type of practice has low rest and high practice
massed practice
44
what is distributed practice
distributed practice: a type of practice distribution that spaces out practice periods, with longer intervals of rest
45
what type of practice has high rest and low practice
distributed practice aka spaced practice
46
What distribution of practice do we want to use for the highest gains in performance
distributed (spaced) practice
47
why is it that spaced practice is better for performance
because it gives us more rest, memory consolidation, and makes us practice with more effort
48
why is it that massed practice is worse for performance
because we get really tired, lose concentration and effort, and it is not as beneficial for our memory
49
is distributed or massed practice better in acquisition
distributed i think
50
what is acquisition
the learning of a task
51
which is better for retention of a skill, massed or spaced practice
spaced
52
what are the hypotheses for why distributed practice might be better?
1. fatigue hypothesis 2. cognitive effort hypothesis 3. memory consolidation
53
what is the fatigue hypothesis
fatigue hypothesis: the idea that fatigue can impair quality of practice
54
what is the cognitive effort hypothesis
cognitive effort hypothesis: the idea that trials become repetitious and boring, leading to lower concentration
55
what is the memory consolidation hypothesis
memory consolidation hypothesis: the idea that periods of rest are not helpful for long term memory storage processes
56
what is the term for the idea that shorter periods of rest are not helpful for long term memory storage processes
memory consolidation hypothesis
57
what is the term for the idea that trials become repetitious and boring, leading to lower concentration
cognitive effort hypothesis
58
what is the term for the idea that fatigue can impair quality of practice
fatigue hypothesis
59
what are the subcategories of variance of practice
1. constant practice 2. variable practice
60
what is constant practice
constant practice: a type of variance of practice that only has one variation, under identical conditions
61
what is variable practice
variable practice: a type of variance of practice that has multiple variations, under different conditions
62
what is the term for a type of variance of practice that has multiple variations, under different conditions
variable practice
63
what is the term for a type of variance of practice that only has one variation, under identical conditions
constant practice
64
what gets better with more varied experiences
recall schema
65
what does recall schema get better with
varied experience
66
what kind of variability is ideal for performance
variable practice
67
which type of variance of practice is best for acquisition
constant practice
68
which variance of practice is worse for acquisition
variable practice
69
which variance of practice is best for performance/learning
variable practice
70
which variance is worse for learning/performance
constant practice
71
how does variance of practice affect skill transfer
adding variability increases transfer
72
what type of practice variance inhibits transfer of skills
constant practice i think?
73
how can we increase skill transfer?
increase skill variation/practice variation
74
how can we increase retention
add variability
75
how does constant practice affect retention
it results in poor retention
76
how does variant practice affect retention
it increases retention
77
how does constant practice affect acquisition
it decreases it
78
how does variable practice affect acquisition
it decreases acquisition
79
how does constant practice affect acquisition
constant practice is good for acquisition
80
how do we increase or decrease acquisition
increase = lower variability decrease = increase variability
81
what does variability have an inverse relationship with
acquisition
82
what types of information is stored in short term memory
1. initial conditions 2. parameters 3. outcome feedback 4. sensory consequences
83
what forms schema
short term memory information, like initial conditions, parameters, outcome feedback, sensory consequences
84
what are the types of schema
1. recall 2. recognition
85
what is recall schema
recall schema: the relation between parameters and movement outcomes
86
what is the term for the relationship between parameters and movement outcome
recall schema
87
recall schema is the relation between what
parameters and movement outcome
88
after a movement, what happens to information and STM?
information is discarded from STM, leaving a rule
89
when do we get 'rules'
after a movement, when information is discarded from STM
90
how are rules strengthened
with more varied STM characteristics, like parameters, outcomes and initial conditions
91
what is recall schema important for
movement production
92
in what kind of movements are recall schema important
fast, open loop movements
93
what kind of schema is important for fast or open loop movements
recall schema
94
what is recognition schema
recognition schema: the relation between sensory consequences and movement outcomes
95
what is the term used for sensory consequences and movement outcomes
recognition schema
96
how are recall and recognition schema different in their relations
i think they are both related to movement outcomes, but recall is parameters and recognition is sensory?
97
what does recognition schema play an important role in
movement evalutation
98
what schema is important for movement evaluation
recogntion schema
99
what kind of movements are involved in recognition schema
slow, closed loop movements
100
what schema is correlated to slow, closed loop movements
recognition schema
101
How can we change practice to strengthen schemas
increase variability, use the same GMP with diff parameters and experiences
102
variability in practice of one skill is good for what
transfer

kin 211 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions