quiz questions!

Question 1

the 3 sub disciplines of motor behaviour are what?

Answer 1

motor learning, motor control and motor development

Question 2

what type of brain imaging device gives good temporal resolution of brain activity

Answer 2

EEG

Question 3

tackling in football would be classified where on the fine to gross motor skill continuum

Answer 3

gross

Question 4

dribbling in basketball would be considered where on the gross to fine motor skill continuum

Answer 4

gross, with some fine

Question 5

the triple jump is an example of what type of skill when considering how the movement is organized

Answer 5

closed environment, serial, mostly gross

Question 6

riding a bike on a BMX track would be considered what type of motor skill on the closed to open motor skill continuum?

Answer 6

open with some closed

Question 7

what is the name of the interval between a warning signal and the imperative go stimulus

Answer 7

foreperiod

Question 8

what equipment is needed to measure premotor RT

Answer 8

EMG

Question 9

true or false: peak velocity is a kinematic measure which corresponds to a peak speed, such that is also occurs when acceleration transitions to deceleration

Answer 9

true

Question 10

constant error is best defined as a measure of

Answer 10

bias

Question 11

what stage is missing or different when going from SRT to a go/nogo task?

Answer 11

discrimination

Question 12

true or false: a change in the rules for false starts in competitive races in 2014 meant that only one person in the race was allowed to false start. rt in this situation would increase as compared to pre 2014

Answer 12

true

Question 13

true or false: incorrect anticipation can result in an increased processing delay because more processing activities have to take place

Answer 13

true

Question 14

true or false: predicting the type of shot an opponent is about to take during a basketball game is an example of spatial anticipation

Answer 14

true

Question 15

according to Hick’s law, RT increases at a constant amount every time the number of S-R alternatives is….

Answer 15

doubled

Question 16

reaction time ____ as the intensity of the stimulus _____

Answer 16

decreases; increases

Question 17

on my computer, the push button volume control at the top of the screen requires me to push left to make the volume go up. in terms of spatial-compatibility, this might be considered a violation of what

Answer 17

population stereotypes

Question 18

true or false: the variability of the fore-period in a RT situation affects spatial anticipation

Answer 18

false. it is related to temporal anticipation

Question 19

information stored in this memory is thought to be very abstract

Answer 19

long term memory

Question 20

in a choice reaction time experiment, 3 tasks were completed as below:
A: 2 stimuli, 2 responses
B: 4 stimuli, 4 responses
C: 8 stimuli, 8 responses
the following equation was derived following hick’s law: CRT = 400 + 200(log2(N))
What is the CRT for condition C?

Answer 20

1000

Question 21

true or false: reacting to a fake leading to a delay in response can be caused by both error in response selection as well as delays in response programming

Answer 21

true

Question 22

what is the grouping effect in PRP

Answer 22

it is the effect that two closely spaced stimuli (SOA shorter than 50ms) get reacted to as if they were the same stimulus

Question 23

true or false: when you intentionally attend, you engage in controlled processing

Answer 23

true

Question 24

early attention theorists proposed that attention caused a block during the ______ stage of information processing, later refined as a leaky filter

Answer 24

stimulus identification

Question 25

which is not a characteristic of controlled information processing: intentional, slow, attention demanding, volitional, parallel processing

Answer 25

parallel processing

Question 26

in the soccer ball dribbling example given in class, there was evidence of interference in the primary task. participations were asked to monitor tones or words and report the target word or foot side closes to the pylon. which result below accurately describes the results of this study

Answer 26

experts showed less capacity interference than novices when the secondary task was not relevant to soccer dribbling

Question 27

what effect was provided as evidence of an attention block at the stimulus identification stage

Answer 27

change blindness

Question 28

holding and drinking from canned soda through a straw can interfere with driving. what type of interference is this?

Answer 28

structural

Question 29

what types of motor skills best describe closed loop control

Answer 29

continuous, fine and open skill

Question 30

true or false: the estimated minimum time to process visual information is roughly 200 ms

Answer 30

FALSE - it is like 100 ms

Question 31

exteroception provides information to the processing system about _____

Answer 31

the environment

Question 32

the M1 feedback loop is at a low level in the motor system and does not involve which of these: stereotyped response, spinal cord feedback, involuntary control, rapid responses, voluntary control

Answer 32

voluntary control

Question 33

which of the following does not provide proprioceptive information to be performed: optical flow, joint receptors, muscle spindles, vestibular apparatus, golgi tendon organs

Answer 33

optical flow

Question 34

visual information, useful for object identification and control of movement in the visual environment, travels from the retina to which part of the brain

Answer 34

primary visual cortex

Question 35

the dorsal stream is also known as the where stream

Answer 35

true

Question 36

consider the moving room experiment. what postural response would you expect from a toddler if the walls moved towards them?

Answer 36

they would fall backwards

Question 37

what result in the movement blocking paradigm helps to support the existence of motor programs

Answer 37

when blocked, the EMG pattern of the antagonist muscle does not change

Question 38

the novelty problem is resolved by what?

Answer 38

parameters

Question 39

what feature of the generalized motor program by throwing a free throw would need to be tuned or scaled to allow a shot from a closer distance

Answer 39

absolute force

Question 40

experimenters have shown that RT can be affected by characteristics of the to be performed movement that influence the complexity and duration of the ____ stage

Answer 40

response programming

Question 41

_____ theory suggests that there is a stored pattern of movement instead of a specific movement. it allows flexibility in modifying the program to produce various patterns to meet the demands of the task

Answer 41

GMP

Question 42

true or false: schemas show the relation between outcomes and invariant features

Answer 42

false - they show the relation between outcomes and parameters

Question 43

evidence for motor programs includes all of the following except: tracking tasks, EMG, deafferentation, start-react effect, RT studies

Answer 43

tracking tasks

Question 44

which of the following is not one of the major roles of open loop organization in motor programs: program postural adjustments in prep for action, organize degrees of freedom into a single unit, modulate reflex pathways, engaged in response selection before initiation

Answer 44

none! they are all part of open loop organization

Question 45

fitts law states that the ____ is linearly related to the index of difficulty

Answer 45

movement time

Question 46

effect target width is a measure of

Answer 46

the standard deviation of a person's outcome (accuracy)

Question 47

the relation that exists between ______ and force requirements is non linear, meaning that there are gradual increases/decreases in the variable as force increases

Answer 47

accuracy

Question 48

shmidt's law is best described as open loop control whereas fitts law is best described as closed and open loop control

Answer 48

true. schmidts= open loop

Question 49

it is useful to define learning in terms of the gain in underlying ____ for skilled performance developed during practice

Answer 49

capability

Question 50

one major limitation in the usefulness of performance curves is that they:

Answer 50

do not measure relatively permanent changes

Question 51

there are four factors to do with measurement that can influence the shape of performance curves, which is not a factor: ceiling/floor effects, between subject variability, within person variability, scoring sensitivity, transfer testing

Answer 51

transfer testing

Question 52

relative measures of retention are not always the best measures because they are confounded still by temporary factors that impact short term performance. true or false

Answer 52

true

Question 53

which of the following is not a hypothesis/theory as to why massed practice might impair learning compared to distributed practice: schema theory, cognitive effort hypothesis, memory consolidation, fatigue hypothesis

Answer 53

schema theory

Question 54

which practice condition effect best describes this statement "what is most effective for learning may not be the most efficient"

Answer 54

distribution of practice

Question 55

in relation to practice variability and the reasons for its retention and transfer benefits, what is the specific name of the relationship between sensory consequences and outcomes

Answer 55

recognition schema

Question 56

think back to the idea of an especial skill as an exception to what might be predicted based on theory. what type of practice likely brought about the especial effect

Answer 56

constant practice

Question 57

true or false: the variability of practice and contextual interference are both similar in that slower rates of acquisition are associated with better performance in retention tests

Answer 57

true

Question 58

if the learner is trying to master a task that is high in complexity, low in task interactions and is a serial skill, what type of practice method should they adopt?

Answer 58

part

Question 59

passive guidance can be considered a type of part practice - what technique would it be

Answer 59

simplification

Question 60

true or false: the optimal challenge point is the point when performance in practice is maximized

Answer 60

false. it is the point in practice when learning is maximized

Question 61

____ is feedback provided after a series of practice attempts

Answer 61

summary feedback

Question 62

there is no such thing as too much information when it comes to receiving feedback. true or false

Answer 62

false.

Question 63

_____ of feedback is the percentage of trials receiving feedback during a practice session

Answer 63

relative frequency

Question 64

true or false: trials during practice in which the learner is not provided feedback help motor learning. true or false

Answer 64

true

Question 65

carrie discussed a study involving monkeys where neurons in the brain were activated both when they reached for food and when they saw someone else reach for the food. what is the name of the system that is meant to respond to both seeing and doing

Answer 65

mirror neuron

Question 66

in reference to the lecture on demonstrations, knowledge of what the tasks should look, sound and or feel like requires the development of a reference of ______

Answer 66

correctness

Question 67

in order to aid problem solving related skill when engaging in observation practice, it is best to watch an expert model. true or false

Answer 67

false - there are benefits to watching a novice, like seeing their mistakes and being more engaged in their problem solving