lec 16-24

Question 1

sessile

Answer 1

unable to move (plants)

Question 2

net primary productivity is equal to

Answer 2

C gained via photosynthesis - C lost via respiration

Question 3

what did plants adapt to attract pollinators

Answer 3

flowers

Question 4

methods for plants to combat overheating

Answer 4

evaporative cooling, close stomata

Question 5

what happens to c3 plants at high temps

Answer 5

photorespiration

Question 6

photorespiration is

Answer 6

when rubisco captures o2 instead of co2, and co2 is then produced

Question 7

what do c4 plants do differently

Answer 7

have an enzyme that reduces photorespiration by prioritizing co2

Question 8

what do cam plants do differently

Answer 8

open stomata at night, close stomata during day

Question 9

what is root foraging

Answer 9

roots “search” for nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil

Question 10

poikilotherm

Answer 10

ectotherm

Question 11

homeotherm

Answer 11

endotherm

Question 12

microphylly

Answer 12

tiny leaves that produce turbulent airflow and inc thermal inertia

Question 13

sclerophylly

Answer 13

needles instead of leaves

Question 14

laminar flow

Answer 14

stagnant air build up, inc heat

Question 15

turbulent flow

Answer 15

better for leaves, inc cooling

Question 16

recursive digression

Answer 16

animals w sleeker shapes stay warmer in cool env.s

Question 17

tropical rainforest root system

Answer 17

extensive and shallow b/c of nutrient rich topsoil

Question 18

desert annual plant life cycle

Answer 18

fast germination, only grow during heavy rainfall

Question 19

epiphytes

Answer 19

plants that grow on other plants

Question 20

issues with epiphytes

Answer 20

water stressed, nutrient shortages

Question 21

how is complexity added to exponential models

Answer 21

density dependence, time lags, species interactions

Question 22

what is r

Answer 22

net growth rate = deaths “per individual”

Question 23

what is lambda

Answer 23

net reproductive rate

Question 24

what is relationship b/w lambda and r

Answer 24

ln(lambda) = r

Question 25

exponential model is for ___ growth

Answer 25

continuous

Question 26

geometric model is for ___ growth

Answer 26

discrete

Question 27

if net reproductive rate < 1, death __ birth

Answer 27

>

Question 28

if rate of increase > 1, death __ birth

Answer 28

<

Question 29

why may a logistic eqn not be ideal

Answer 29

gradual approach to K and never surpassing K is unrealistic

Question 30

May's eqn (how is it diff from logistic)

Answer 30

incorporates time delays

Question 31

type 1 survivorship curve means

Answer 31

P(death) lower at young age = lx high at young age and steeply drops off

Question 32

type 2 survivorship curve

Answer 32

P(death) constant = lx decreases exponentially (loglx is a straight line)

Question 33

type 3 survivorship curve

Answer 33

p(death) higher at young age = lx steeply drops off and tapers

Question 34

fecundity schedules are usually ___ determined

Answer 34

genetically

Question 35

r strategy

Answer 35

fast life history

Question 36

k strategy

Answer 36

slow life history

Question 37

semelparity

Answer 37

reproduce once then die

Question 38

monocarpic perennials

Answer 38

semelparous organisms that live more than 2 years

Question 39

types of semelparous plants

Answer 39

annual, biennial, monocarpic perennial

Question 40

iteroparity

Answer 40

has potential to reproduce multiple times

Question 41

what types of plants are perennials

Answer 41

iteroparous

Question 42

when is semelparity favoured?

Answer 42

reproductive output increased by accumulating resources for longer

Question 43

stochasticity

Answer 43

randomness of population growth - sometimes they just die

Question 44

demographic stochasticity

Answer 44

random events leading to variation in population growth

Question 45

environmental stochasticity

Answer 45

random effects of the environment on population growth

Question 46

what is a LV model adding to logistic

Answer 46

interspecific competition

Question 47

what is K (in terms of competition)

Answer 47

intraspecific competition braking term

Question 48

how is the variable for competition coefficient formatted

Answer 48

alpha superscript mn = competitive effect of species n on species m

Question 49

how are coexistence and equilibrium related

Answer 49

coexistence is when 2+ species have non zero pop size at equilibrium

Question 50

stability is

Answer 50

the ability of a system to return to equilibrium

Question 51

condition of stable coexistence

Answer 51

e/ species inhibits their own growth more than they inhibit the other species' growth

Question 52

metapopulations - main takeaway??

Answer 52

everything is patchy

Question 53

metacommunity

Answer 53

set of local communities linked by the dispersal of 1 of their constituent species

Question 54

fugitive species

Answer 54

poor competitors so need to be better dispersers

Question 55

when does equilibrium happen? (relative to rates)

Answer 55

rate of colonization = rate of extinction

Question 56

e/c>1 => ?

Answer 56

metapopulation tends towards extinction

Question 57

e/c<1 => ?

Answer 57

metapopulation persists

Question 58

indirect effects

Answer 58

1 species alters the effect that another species has on a third

Question 59

method of figuring out what trophic level an organism is on

Answer 59

stable carbon isotopes

Question 60

top down effects

Answer 60

predators eating herbivores affects RLS b/w herbivore and plant

Question 61

bottom up effets

Answer 61

amt of plant available affects RLS b/w herbivore and predator

Question 62

how is LV modified for mutualisms

Answer 62

change alpha term to (+) instead of (-)

Question 63

types of mutualisms

Answer 63

nutritional, dispersal, defensive

Question 64

horizontally transmitted mutualisms

Answer 64

partners acquired anew each generation

Question 65

vertically transmitted mutualisms

Answer 65

partners passed down from gen to gen

Question 66

invasional meltdown

Answer 66

2 non native species facilitate one another's spread w mutualism

Question 67

secondary metabolite

Answer 67

secondary chemicals produced by plants that are not essential for growth or development

Question 68

trichomes

Answer 68

hairs on stems and leaves on plants for defense

Question 69

constitutive defenses

Answer 69

defenses are always up

Question 70

folivory

Answer 70

leaf eating

Question 71

how is herbivore biodiversity explained

Answer 71

arms race b/w herbivorous insects and plants

Question 72

life dinner principle

Answer 72

unequal selection pressure for prey vs predator to make defenses

Question 73

amplification effect (community ecology of disease)

Answer 73

inc in host diversity may increase risk of spread to humans and animals

Question 74

dilution effect

Answer 74

inc in host diversity can dilute disease risk to humans or animals

Question 75

enemy release hypothesis

Answer 75

invasive species impact is heavy b/c of a lack of natural enemies

Question 76

predation is density-___

Answer 76

dependent

Question 77

predation RLS w competitive exclusion

Answer 77

predation can counteract competitive exclusion

Question 78

what does the LV model for predator prey look like

Answer 78

oscillating graph with lagged population cycles

Question 79

principle of competitive exclusion

Answer 79

2 species that compete for the same resources cannot coexist for long

Question 80

niche partitioning

Answer 80

splitting of a niche

Question 81

limiting similarity

Answer 81

max amt of niche overlap that allows 2 species to coexist

Question 82

scramble competition

Answer 82

depletion of shared resources through indirect interaction

Question 83

contest competition

Answer 83

depletion of shared resources through direct interaction

Question 84

another name for contest competition

Answer 84

interference competition

Question 85

where is there more species richness

Answer 85

more species near tropics than poles