Lec 4

Question 1

Victims of female acts of violence are

Answer 1

Spouses
Acquaintances
Strangers
Family Members

Question 2

The Role Convergence Hypothesis and Gender Gap in Crime

Answer 2

As work roles of women and men come closer, so will their involvement in crime

Question 3

How crime rates changed for young girls from 1980 to 2000

Answer 3

They have become twice as likely to be charged

Question 4

How have males crime patterns changed from 1980 to 2000

Answer 4

It has remained constant

Question 5

Which gender commits more corporate crimes

Answer 5

Men although more women are in corporate conditions

Question 6

Race as a correlate of crime

Answer 6

Race is not as strongly related to crime as gender, although some minority groups are over represented in police reports

Question 7

Differential offending hypothesis

Answer 7

Relating discrimination to the behavior of a group

Question 8

Differential treatment hypothesis

Answer 8

Treating groups different in the criminal justice system

Question 9

Cultural theories of why indigenous people are overrepresented in the Canadian CJS

Answer 9

People assume-
Indigenous people are inherently violent
Indigenous cultures differ from the dominant Euro-Canadian culture

Question 10

Critiques of cultural theories

Answer 10

Presuppose a monolithic, static indigenous culture

Believes there is a type of behavior associated with that culture

Pathologize Indigenous culture

Question 11

Colonial Model

Answer 11

Colonization has had devastating psychological and social consequences

Question 12

Critical race theory

Answer 12

The law reflects the dominant group’s norms and values and favors such groups

Question 13

Does drug/alcohol misuse correlate with crime

Answer 13

Yes, 75 percent of inmates struggle with substance abuse

Question 14

Psychopharmacological dimension causing crime

Answer 14

Drugs/alcohol change ones way of thinking

Question 15

The economically compulsive dimension causing crime

Answer 15

Committing a crime to buy drugs

Question 16

Systemic dimension causing crime

Answer 16

The trafficking of drugs that leads to drug abuse.

Question 17

SES effect on crime

Answer 17

people with lower SES are overrepresented in crime statistics

Question 18

What are correlates of crime

Answer 18

Variables that relate to crime

Question 19

What are the 5 correlated of crime

Answer 19

Age
Gender
Race
Drug alcohol
Socio-economic status

Question 20

Age correlation to crime

Answer 20

Criminal activity intensifies in adolescence and young adulthood and then declines

Question 21

Are young people involved in more non violent or violent crimes

Answer 21

Non violent

Question 22

What three level factors contribute to delinquency and crime

Answer 22

Individual level factors
Family background factors
Institutional factors

Question 23

Individual level factors

Answer 23

Conduct problems such as bullying and failure to respond to both positive parenting and physical punishment

Question 24

Family background factors

Answer 24

Rough family environments lead to higher levels of juvenile delinquency

Question 25

Institutional issues

Answer 25

Exposure to juvenile court contribute to crime among children

Question 26

Dhami and Mandel state

Answer 26

Crime is a risk taking behavior

Question 27

Why do young people have a higher propensity to commit crime

Answer 27

Young people look at benefits over cost Immediacy outweighs future costs Young offenders have limited rationality

Question 28

Maturational reform hypothesis

Answer 28

Adolescence is a time of transition, confusion and irrationality, but as people get older, they develop attachments and commitments that restrain misbehavior

Question 29

Three factors that lead to crime decline with advance in age

Answer 29

Physiological limitations Greater formations of social bonds People become more rational and responsible

Question 30

Other argument in less crime among older people

Answer 30

May be due to development of more skills in not being caught

Question 31

Which gender is overrepresented in crime

Answer 31

Males Make up 80 percent of defendants in adult criminal court 98 percent of accused of SA 89 percent of robbery cases 86 percent of homicide cases 77 percent of major assault cases

Question 32

Daly (1992) describes 5 ways for women involvement in crime

Answer 32

Harmed and harming women Battered women Street women Drug connected women Other women (non-victimized women)