Lec 4 - Anterior Pituitary things

Question 1

which tend to be more potent and have greater specificity, synthetic analogs or purified natural hormones?

Answer 1

synthetic analogs

Question 2

hypopituitarism, adults:
usually due to _____ of adenohypophyisis;
see absent menstruation, genital atrophy, _____ hypofunction, and ____ deficiency which can result in death

Answer 2

destruction;
thyroid;
adrenal

Question 3

hypopituitarism in kids:
usually due to failure of pituitary to \_\_\_\_;
are there mental effects?
child is usually \_\_\_\_;
do glands respond to TSH and ACTH?

Answer 3

develop embryologically;
no;
small (aka dwarfism);
yes

Question 4

match the increased hormone with the condition:
acromegaly =
cushing’s syndrome =
amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility, impotence

Answer 4

GH;
ACTH;
prolactin;

Question 5

administration of growth hormone to ____ _____ results in proportionate growth (like normal individuals)

Answer 5

hypopituitary dwarfs

Question 6

____ is a recombinant GH. ____ _____ is an encapsulated form and can be given once or twice a month

Answer 6

somotropin;

neurotropin depot

Question 7

GH:
receptor is a _____;
it acts through ______ IGF1 and 2. the ____ is the primary source of IGF;

Answer 7

non-receptor tyrosine kinase;
somatomedins;
liver

Question 8

GH deficiency:
____ stature with mild ____;
abnormally low plasma concentrations of ____. to diagnose, perform a ____ test such as administering insulin to induce hypocalcemia

Answer 8

short, adiposity;
IGF1;
provacative

Question 9

GH or its analogs can also be used for _____ and ____ syndrome

Answer 9

prader willi, turner

Question 10

GH side effects:
can cause ____ due to anti-insulin effects;
rapid growth can cause ____. do adults or kids have more side effects?

Answer 10

type 2 DM;
scoliosis;
adults

Question 11

_____ is a recombinant IGF1 (and binding protein) that is used for IGF1 deficiency. an example would be ____-type dwarfism

Answer 11

mecasermin;

laron (ie absent GH receptors)

Question 12

GH excess:
usually due to _____.
in kids, it causes ____.
in adults, it causes _____

Answer 12

pituitary tumor;

gigantism; acromegaly

Question 13

GH excess treatment (if surg doesnt work):

_____ is a somatostatin analog

dopamine receptor _____ such as ____ and ____

Answer 13

octreotide (also lanreotide, vapreotide);

bromocriptine, carbegoline (if tumor developed from lactotrophs)

Question 14

_____ is a synthetic growth hormone receptor antagonist

Answer 14

pegvisomat

Question 15

Prolactin:

synthesized and stored in _____ in the ____ pituitary. also synthesized by _____

Answer 15

lactotrophs, anterior;

placental tissue

Question 16

prolactin:

recpetor is a ____. release is _____ by dopamine;

Answer 16

non-receptor tyrosine kinase;

inhibited

Question 17

prolactinoma symptoms:

____, _____, _____ hypogonadism

Answer 17

galactorrhea, infertility, amenorrhea

Question 18

bromocriptine, cabergoline, and quinagolide are all dopamine _____. they can be used to treat ___omas

Answer 18

agonists;

prolactinoma

Question 19

FLATPiG hormones of Anterior pituitary?

Answer 19

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

Prolactin
GH

Question 20

Plasma LH and FSH are highest during what phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 20

ovulation (ie LH surge)

also high in menopause

Question 21

choronic gonadotropin:
produced by _____ in the placenta. diagnostic of?

supports ____ function

Answer 21

synctiotrophoblasts;
pregnancy;

luteal

Question 22

gonadotropins:

effective when given by ___ only. resistant or not resitant to degradation?

Answer 22

injection, resistant

Question 23

urine preparations:
____ is from pregnant women and contains LH activity only.
menotropins are from ____ women and contain both LH and FSH activity;
_____ contains FSH activity only and is from menopausal women only

Answer 23

chorionic gonadotropin;

post-menopausal;

urofollitropin

Question 24

follitropin is a recombinant form of ____.

Answer 24

FSH;

recombinant LH and Chorionic gonadotropin also exist

Question 25

gonadotropin uses: female and male _____ with low levels of gonadotropins; ___ ____ fertilization

Answer 25

infertility; | in vitro

Question 26

gonadal failure vs pituitary/hypothalmus problems: low levels of LH and FSH indicates ____; high levels of LH and FSH indicates ____

Answer 26

hypothalmus/pituitary probs gonadal failure

Question 27

menopausal gonadotropins: | can cause abdominal pain due to ____ hyperstimulation; does GnRH do this?

Answer 27

ovarian; | no

Question 28

_____ can be used for tests involved radio-iodine uptake in residual thyroid glands

Answer 28

thyrogen (Recombinant TSH)

Question 29

GnRH is secreted in a ____ Fashion. single dose of synthetic GnRH cause a ____ in LH/FSH secretion. continuous administration of GnRH causes a _____ in LH/FSH secretion

Answer 29

pulsatile; increase; decrease (pharmacological castration)

Question 30

____ infusion of GnRH causes stimulation of gonadal activity. ____ infusion supresses it. which form is used in prostate cancer?

Answer 30

pulsatile; continous; continous

Question 31

GnRH analogs: can cause ____ symptoms in women and men | _____ bone density

Answer 31

menopause; | reduced

Question 32

leuprolide is an example of a GnRH ____

Answer 32

analog

Question 33

GnRH receptor antagonists all end in -___. used for what cancer?

Answer 33

relix; ie ganirelix, cetrorelix, etc prostate

Question 34

sermorelin acetate is a synthetic form of ____. protirelin is a synthetic form of _____

Answer 34

GHRH; | TRH

Question 35

somatostain causes a ____ in cAMP levels. it is the main _____ hormone

Answer 35

decrease | inhibitor

Question 36

octreotide: used for ____ tumors, pituitary ____, acute ___ bleeds, and acromegaly

Answer 36

carcinoid; adenomas; variceal