Lec 5 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA, controls cellular activities by transferring genetic information to RNA, and is the largest organelle enclosed by a double membrane (nuclear envelope).
What are the two types of ER and their functions?
Smooth ER: site of lipid synthesis, including steroids. Rough ER: site of secreted protein synthesis, has ribosomes attached to its outer membrane.
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus refines, stores, and distributes cell products. It works in partnership with the ER to process and package proteins and lipids.
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules. They fuse with food vacuoles, break down damaged organelles, and help destroy harmful bacteria.
What are the primary functions of vacuoles in plant cells?
Vacuoles store food, waste, or harmful substances; maintain cell pressure and size by storing water; and are typically large in plant cells.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes synthesize polypeptides (proteins) by reading mRNA and assembling amino acids in the correct sequence.
What is the main function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, acting as the cell’s power stations by producing ATP, the primary energy source for cellular work.
What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and some protists, converting light energy into chemical energy to produce glucose.
What are the three main types of fibers in the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments (e.g., actin), intermediate filaments (e.g., keratin), and microtubules (e.g., tubulin).
What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?
Centrioles form the centrosome, which plays an important role in forming the microtubule spindle that separates chromosomes during cell division.
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.
What are the key differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have cell walls, large vacuoles, and chloroplasts. Animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, and lack cell walls.
What are the two types of controls in scientific experiments?
Positive controls: should give the expected effect. Negative controls: should give a baseline effect (i.e., no change).
What are the three main principles of Cell Theory?
1) Cells are the fundamental units of life.
2) All living organisms are composed of cells.
3) All cells come from preexisting cells.
