Lec 8 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are the main components of cell membranes?
Phospholipids and proteins
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
Two fatty acid chains and one “head group” attached to a glycerol molecule
What affects membrane fluidity?
Fatty acid saturation, cholesterol content, and temperature
What are the three main types of membrane proteins?
Integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored proteins
What are the four main processes by which substances cross membranes?
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and secondary active transport
What is osmosis?
The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of higher solute concentration
What are the three types of tonicity?
Hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic
What are the two main types of facilitated diffusion proteins?
Channel proteins and carrier proteins
What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport?
Primary active transport directly uses ATP, while secondary active transport uses ion gradients set up by primary active transport
What are the three types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis
What is exocytosis?
The secretion of material to the extracellular space
Which cells typically perform phagocytosis in humans?
Macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells
